1高三英语总复习之句子系列复习(4)状语从句一、常见状语从句简介概说:由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。(一)时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等引导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.(二)原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.(三)地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.(四)目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so,sothat(从句谓语常有情态动词),inorderthat,incase(以防,以免)等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.(五)结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由sothat(从句谓语一般没有情态动词),so…that,such…that等引导。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn’tattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.(六)条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意:条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.2SofarasIknow(据我所知),hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.(七)让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.(八)方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引导。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.(九)比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等引导。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.(十)使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地点状语从句)Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.(宾语从句)Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主语从句)Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表语从句)二、状语从句考点透视笔者根据近年高考试题,将状语从句的考点作了较为全面的归纳,让考生在复习备考时,明确状语从句在高考中究竟考什么、怎样考。考点一:时间状语从句1.when,while,as的用法:when意为“当/在……时,每当”;while意为“在……期间”,从句的谓语必须是延续性动词;3as意为“一边……一边……,随着”,动词通常为动作动词。如:(1)Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until解析:选B,when引导时间状语从句,句意为:在最合适的时候,他将小树移植了。(2)-----I,mgoingtothepostoffice.-----_____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If解析:虽然as和while都可表示“在……期间”,但as要与动作动词连用,而本题的“arethere”是状态,不是动作,只能用while,故选B。2.before的用法:before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等。如:(3)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears_____theNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then解析:美国内战“在北方获胜之前”延续了四年,故选B。(4)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup______Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before解析:选D,句意为:有人半夜打来电话,但是我还没来得及接,对方就挂了电话。3.until和till的用法:与肯定式的主句连用,主句谓语必须是延续性动词,till/until表示“……直到……”;与否定式的主句连用,且主句谓语是结束性动词时,till/until表示“直到……才……”。如:(5)Weweretoldweshouldfollowthemainroad_____wereachedthecentralrailway.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever解析:选B,句意为:有人告诉我们,我们应当沿着这条主道往前走,直走到中心火车站。(6)-Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?-Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim____hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when解析:选C,句意为:直到他成为全级最优秀的学生,他父亲才表扬他。4.表示“一……就……”的四类从属连词:assoonas=themoment(that);=theminute(that);=thesecond(that);=theinstant(that);=immediately(that);=directly(that);=instantly(that);=nosooner…than…;=hardly…when….如:(7)–DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?–Yes,IgaveittoherIsawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once解析:选B,句意是“我一看见她就还给她了”,故选B。虽然once也可表示“一……就……”但含有很强的条件意味,即“一旦”,不合语境。5.可引导时间状语从句的time短语:everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time结尾的短语可引导从句。如:(8)IthoughtherniceandhonestImether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime4解析:选项中只有thefirsttime可引导时间状语从句,故选C。6.Itbe…since/before/when…句型:①“Itbe+时间段+since…”表示“自从……以来有多久了”,但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时,则意为“(多久)不做……了”;②“Itbe+时间段+before…”表示“过……之后才……”,若be是否定式,则表示“没过……就……”。③“Itbe+时间点+before…”表示“在……之前,时间是……”。④“Itbe+时间点+when…”表示“当……时,时间是……”。如:(9)Itisalmostfiveyearswesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when解析:由句意“我们自上次见面以来已经五年了”可知选B。其中itis也可说成ithasbeen.(10)Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It