高考英语短文改错

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1高考英语短文改错【命题趋向】短文改错是高考试题中的一个重要题型。《英语考试说明》中对短文改错题型做了如下描述:“本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文,其中10行每行右边标有题号,要求考生判断是否有错,如有错将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。”由此可以看出,短文改错题是知识和能力的综合性试题,它覆盖面广,设题灵活;不仅能准确地测试学生的语言知识水平,而且能客观的反映学生综合运用语言的能力;不仅要求学生系统掌握所学的语法、词汇知识,而且要求学生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理的能力。08年高考试题中选择的短文难度相对适中,错误类型大部分都属于学生在平时学习中常犯、易犯的错误,比较容易判断。需要提醒考生特别注意的是,改错的格式一定要严格按照要求,避免因格式错误造成不必要的失分。【考点透视】1)及物动词缺少宾语,或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语。短文改错的设置中,有时在及物动词后面没有加宾语,或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语,此时就要判断该动词是否是及物动词,以加上相应的宾语。这时宾语一般都是人称代词。或者或需要接双宾语时加上间接或直接宾语2)不及物动词接宾语时其后缺少相应的介词。不及物动词不能直接接宾语,必须加上相关的介词,而出题人故意将该介词漏掉,此时需要我们进行判断,该动词是及物动词直接接宾语,还是不及物动词,需要与介词搭配才能接宾语,同时要根据句子含义判断用什么介词构成短语。因为同一个动词,与不同的介词搭配其含义不一样。3)两个动词连用时,中间缺少不定式的符号to。英语中两个动词连用时,除了个别动词如come、go、help之外,其他的动词都应该接不定式(此时要加to)或动名词做宾语。试题的设计有时候有意使用动词原形,此时就要判断该用不定式还是动名词做宾语。若是前者,就要在第二个动词前加to;后者则要将第二个动词改成v.-ing形式。4)单数名词表泛指时缺少不定冠词a/an,或表示特指时没有定冠词the。英语中,只要是单数可数名词,在使用时都应该加上冠词,表示定指加the,没有具体所指要加a/an。对这一知识点的考查在高考短文改错中出现的比较频繁。对于单数可数名词要注意其前面有没有加冠词,表示特指还是泛指。另外,如果该名词前有小品词如this、that、these、those、such等词修饰时,名词前不加冠词。5)受汉语的影响,将某些形容词或表示动作含义的介词短语当作动词使用,导致句中缺少连系动词。此时要注意分析句子结构,看是否缺少谓语,因为谓语是句子的饿核心,没有谓语动词的句子是不完整的。要注意克服汉语思维的干扰。6)被动语态或完成时中缺少助动词。2这样的试题设计主要是某些动词的过去分词和过去式的形式相同,因此这样的错误设置得往往比较隐蔽,考生就要根据语境的提示判断该用主动语态还是被动语态,应该用一般过去时还是过去完成时,或者现在完成时。7)缺少连词,或者连词词组中缺少某些小词。出题人故意将属于两个层次的句子简单地罗列在一起,考查考生在理解语境的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次,在适当的地方加上连词引导定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句或加and/but引导并列句等。8)有时,出题人故意将一个完整的短语中某个小词遗漏,此时要注意判断短语的完整性。【例题解析】JohnBrownisLondontaxidriverwholovegoingtothe76.lovesTheatre.Lastweekhismothergavehimtwoticketsforaplay.77.√TheticketswereonSundayevening.ThenJohnreadsome78.forReviewsoftheplay,whichallsaiditwasaterriblyone!He79.terribleWouldn’tgotoseeaplaythatnoonelikedit,Sotwohours80.去掉hBeforetheplaystarted,helefttheticketonthebackseatof81.ticketsHistaxi,Perhapssomeonewhowanted∧seetheplaywouldtakethem.82.toHowever,whileJohnwentbackhome,theticketswere83.whenStillthere.Inthefact,therewerefourticketsontheseat.84.去掉theSomeonehasplacedanotherpairofticketsontopofthem!85.had【解析】76.主语driver为单数第三人称。78.“某一天”的票,应用for表用途。又如:Thebigdeskisfortheteacher.79.修饰名词或代词,要用形容词。80.thatnooneliked是定语从句修饰aplay,it与that意义重复,为多余,应去掉。81.是两张票,应用复数形式tickets82.want后接带to的动词不定式作宾语。83.while要与持续性动词连用。wentbackhome应与表点时间的when连用。84.infact为固定用法,不用冠词。85.另一个人放票发生在他查看之前。应用过去完成时。【专题训练与高考预测】13LastSunday,ourclassorganizedsomevolunteer’s1.___________activities,inwhichallofustookactivepart.2.___________Wedividedintothreegroups.Group1wenttothe3.___________People’sPark,whichtheyplantedtrees,watered4.___________flowersandcleanedthegrasslandstomakethem5.___________morebeautiful.Group2madetheirgreatesteffort6.___________togivethebusstationathoroughcleaning.After7.___________beingcleaned,andthestationtookonanewlook.8.___________Group3gototheoldpeople’shometopresent9.___________wonderfulperformancestomaketheagingthere10.___________happier.Whatameaningfulday!2Ithinkagoodstudentmayhasalotofqualities,1.___________andthefollowingthreearethebasicones.They2.___________arediligence,intelligenceandconfidence.Take3.___________Tomforanexample,heisoneofthebeststudents4.___________inclassandservesasourmonitor.Although5.___________heiscleverandlearnfast,heisnotlazy.Unlike6.___________someotherstudentwhostudywellinthesame7.___________class,hereadsagreatmanyofsciencebooks.8.___________ThesestudentsareashardworkingasTom9.___________andtheydon'thaveanequalrichknowledge.10.___________3IhavesomeproblemswithreadinginEnglish.1.___________WhenIreadinEnglish,Ialwayswantunderstand2.___________everyword,soIspendalotoftimelookupwordsin3.___________mydictionary.Thismakesreadingratherdifficultly4.___________forme.IlikereadingshortstoriesinEnglish,and5.___________there’sonethingIfinditverydifficultinEnglish.6.___________I’mneverquitesurethatthewriterisserious.7.___________SeveraltimesIreadsomethingseemedserious8.___________butlaterIfoundoutitwassupposedtobefun.9.___________Couldyougivemesomeadvicesonmyproblems?10.___________4Iamborninafarmer’sfamilyinSuizhongcounty,Liaoning1.___________ProvinceinJune,in1965.WhenIwasachild,Idreamedofflying2.___________4inthesky.IjoinedthearmyinJune,1983.In1992,Iwassentto3.___________theairforcebase.InAugust,1996Iwasoneofthefirst14members4.___________from1,500pilotsthroughthephysicalexamination.Iworkedhardly,5.___________becauseIwasamongthefirstastronautsofourcountyin19986.___________andwaschosenoneofthefirstmannedspaceaircraftastronauts7.___________later.OnOct.15,2003,Isuccessfullyflewtothespace,circled8.___________aroundtheearthabout14circleandthenreturned.Iwashonored9.___________tohavegiventhechancetobethefirstChinesetotravelinspace.10.___________5EverydayJohngoestoworkbytrains.Healways1.___________buysapiecenewspapertoreadonthetrain,sohefeels2.___________thatthetimepassmorequickly.Onedayonthetrainhe3.___________wasreadingareportaboutimportantfootballmatch.4.___________Thereportwassuchinterestingthatheforgottogetoff5.___________athisstation.Hedidn’tknowituntilhesawthesea.6.___________Hegotoffatthenextstation,andwaitalongtimefor7.___________atraintogoback.Hearrivedverylatelyattheoffice.8.___________Hisbosswasangrytohimwhenhetoldhimwhyhe9.___________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