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高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网上海五校2011届合作自主选拔通用基础测试英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。SectionIReadingPartAReadthefollowingtext．Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank．(30points)Learningtheoristsemphasizetheroleofenvironmentalinfluencesinshapingthewayapersondevelops．__1__theirview,childdevelopmentisguidedbybothdeliberateand__2__learningexperiencesinthehome,peergroup,school,andcommunity．Therefore,childhoodgrowthissignificantly__3__bytheeffortsofparents,teachers,andothersto__4__childrenindesirableways．Accordingtolearningtheories,thesame__5__thatexplainhowpeoplecanuseabicycleorcomputeralsoexplainhowchildrenacquiresocialskills,emotionalself-control,reasoningstrategies,andthe__6__skillsofwalkingandrunning．Onekindoflearningoccurswhenachild’sactionsare__7__byarewardorpunishment．Arewardincreasestheprobabilitythatbehaviorwillberepeated．Forexample,ayoungchildmay__8__drawpicturesbecauseshereceivespraisefromherparentsafter__9__eachone．Apunishmentdecreasestheprobabilitythatbehaviorwillberepeated．Forexample,achildwhotouchesahotstoveandburnshisfingertipsisnot__10__totouchthestoveagain．__11__kindoflearning,classicalconditioning,occurswhenapersonmakesa__12__associationbetweentwoevents．Forexample,babiesbeginsuckingwhentheyareputinafamiliarnursing__13__,childrenfeardogswhosebarkinghasstartledtheminthepast．Athirdkindoflearning__14__ofimitatingthebehaviorofothers．Aboymayacquirehisfather’s__15__oftalking,hismother’stendencytorollhereyes,andhisfavoritebasketballplayer’smoves__16__thecourt．Indoingso,healsoacquires__17__abouttheconsequencesofthesebehaviors．Learningtheoriesprovideextremelyusefulwaysofunderstandinghowdevelopmentalchangesinbehaviorandthinking__18__and,forsomechildren,whybehaviorproblemsarise．Thesetheoriescanbestudiedscientificallyandpracticallyapplied．Criticspointout,__19__,thatlearningtheoristssometimesneglectchildren’s__20__roleintheirownunderstandinganddevelopment．1．A．ForB．FromC．InD．With2．A．unintendedB．uninvolvedC．undiscoveredD．unlimited3．A．achievedB．createdC．developedD．shaped高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网4．A．moralizeB．recognizeC．socializeD．standardize5．A．considerationsB．instructionsC．principlesD．tendencies6．A．physicalB．personalC．originalD．technical7．A．directedB．followedC．pursuedD．tracked8．A．continuouslyB．immediatelyC．occasionallyD．regularly9．A．completingB．fulfillingC．handlingD．obtaining10．A．liableB．likelyC．possibleD．ready11．A．AnotherB．NextC．OneD．Other12．A．emotionalB．intellectualC．mentalD．spiritual13．A．conditionB．locationC．positionD．situation14．A．containsB．consistsC．comprisesD．composes15．A．customB．meansC．typeD．style16．A．overB．onC．inD．at17．A．estimationsB．evaluationsC．explorationsD．expectations18．A．appearB．emergeC．existD．occur19．A．accordinglyB．howeverC．moreoverD．therefore20．A．activeB．dominantC．positiveD．socialPartBInthefollowingarticle,somesentencesorparagraphshavebeenremoved．Forquestions21to25,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps．ThereisONEwhichdoesnotfitinanyofthegaps．(15points)Horrorstoriesaboutthefoodindustryhavelongbeenwithus–eversince1906,whenUptonSinclair’slandmarknovelTheJungletoldsomeuglytruthsabouthowAmericaproducesitsmeat．Inthecenturythatfollowed,thingsgotmuchbetter,andinsomewaysmuchworse．TheU.S．agriculturalindustrycannowproduceunlimitedquantitiesofmeatandgrainsatremarkablycheapprices．Butitdoessoatahighcosttotheenvironment,animalsandhumans．21．Addtothepricetagtheaccelerationofglobalwarming–ourenergy-intensivefoodsystemuses19%ofU.S．fossilfuels,morethananyothersectoroftheeconomy．Andperhapsworstofall,ourfoodisincreasinglybadforus,evendangerous．22．Afoodsystemthatgeneratescheap,fillingfoodattheexpenseofhealthierproduceisalsoamajorcauseofAmerica’swidespreadobesity．Atatimewhenthenationisclosetoacivilwaroverhealth-carereform,obesityadds$147billionayeartoourdoctorbills．“Thewaywefarmnowisdestructiveofthesoil,theenvironmentandus,”saysDougGurian-Sherman,aseniorscientistwiththefoodandenvironmentprogramattheUnionofConcernedScientists．23．FilmdocumentarieslikethehighlycriticalFoodInc．andtheworkofinvestigativejournalistslikeEricSchlosserandMichaelPollanarerepeatingSinclair’swork,awakeningasleepingpublictotheuncomfortablerealitiesofhowweeat．Changeisalsocomingfromtheverytop．FirstLadyMichelleObama’sWhiteHousegardenhassofaryieldedmorethan225lb．oforganicproduce–andtonsofpowerfulsymbolism．24．Sustainablefoodisalsomoreexpensivethanconventionalfoodandhardertofind．AndwhilelargecompanieslikeGeneralMillshaveopenedorganicdivisions,thereisworrythattheverydefinitionofsustainabilitywillbeusedbythosecompaniesonlyfortheirowngood．高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家版权所有@高考资源网Butwecan’taffordtoremaininphilosophizingaboutfood．Withtheexhaustionofthesoil,theimpactofglobalwarmingandtheinevitablyrisingpriceofoil–whichwillaffecteverythingfromfertilizertosupermarketelectricitybills–ourindustrialstyleoffoodproductionwillendsoonerorlater．25．UnlessAmericansradicallyrethinkthewaytheygrowandconsumefood,theyfaceafutureofdamagedfarmland,emptied-out