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嘉兴英语教学网页语法专题五：非谓语动词（一）动词不定式1.结构：一般式：todo(tobedone)进行式：tobedoing(表示正在发生的动作）完成式：tohavedone(表示该动作发生在主句谓语动词之前）否定式：not+todo2.作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：1)主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成Itis/was+adj(for/ofsb)todosth的句型。2)宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope,wish,decide,intend,expect,plan,determine,manage,refuse,fail,pretend,promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel,consider,find,believe,think,suppose,regard等连用。3)宾补：主要用于解释、说明宾语，常与动词ask,tell,teach,get,force,want,need,allow,forbid,permit,advise,persuade等连用。4)定语：主要用于对名词的修饰，如：havesth.todo;therebesth.todo等，表“要做”。5)表语：be动词之后；表计划或安排等。6)状语：表示目的，原因，结果等。7)作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：totellyouthetruth,tobefrank（坦白地说）,tobeexact（确切地说）,tobeginwith（首先）,tomakethingsworse（使事情更糟糕的是）等。3.注意：1)不带to的动词不定式常用于：(1)使役动词let,make,have之后或感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,notice,observe等后面，但在被动语态中须还原to。(2)wouldrather,hadbetter,why(not),may/mightaswell,can’thelpbut等后面用不带to的动词不定式。(3)当主语中是或含all,what等引导的从句时，且有do或其其它时态形式，后作表语的不定式常省略to。2)only/nevertodosth表示出乎意料的结果。3)当不定式和句子中的宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，和句中的主语构成逻辑主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式；如不定式表示的动作不是主语发出，则不定式用被动形式。4)为了避免重复，可以省略不定式后的内容但保留不定式符号to，但当结构中含有be，have时则不可省略。5)不定式与疑问词连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语,表语,宾语等。巩固练习：1.Iamsorry______writtenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving2.Themeeting______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace3.Ifeelitanhonor______tospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC.havingaskedD.asked4.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled嘉兴英语教学网’tknowwhetheryouhappen______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard7.Wehavenoideaabout_____next.A.howdoingB.whatdoingC.whattodoD.todo8.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told9.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.torobB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed10.---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant______,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso11.______,hehadacaraccidentandwasseriouslyinjured.A.MakethingsworseB.TomakethingsworseC.MakethingsbadD.Tomakethingsbad12.Whowillyouget______theprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designing13.Therearefivepairs______,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing14.Thestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforetheexam.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen15.ShewouldratherleaveforNewYork______inLosAngeles.A.tostayB.thanstayC.thanstayingD.tostaying16.---Aretheproblemseasy?---No,infactIfound______.A.themhardtosolveB.ithardtosolveC.ithardtobesolvedD.hardtosolvethem.17.Togetthejob,______.A.itisrequiredthatoneshouldbequalifiedB.abachelor’sdegreeisnecessaryC.oneneedstohavebasicknowledgeinelectricityD.somerequirementsshouldbemet18.Intheend,thepoormanfoundashabbycottage______.A.toliveB.toliveinC.liveD.livingin19.Allshedidwas______toherparent’sexpectation.A.toliveupB.liveupC.livingupD.livedup20.Hewasseen______thehousebythebackdoorthatmorning.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.tobeentering21.Doyouhaveanyclothes______today,Sir?A.washB.tobewashedC.towashD.tobewashing22.Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirst______andthelast______.A.ofcoming;ofleavingB.comes;leavesC.tocome;toleaveD.coming;leaving23.Iregret______youthattheyareunabletocometoyourweddingtomorrow.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.tohaveinform24.Whatdoesthelibrarianpermit______outofthelibrary?A.takingB.totakeC.tobetakenD.beingtaken25.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness________.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade嘉兴英语教学网页（二）动名词1.结构：一般式：doing,beingdone(被动式)完成式：havingdone,havingbeendone(被动式)否定式：not+doing2.作用(成份)：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）、定语（表功能、类别）、表语3.注意：1)只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,quit,suggest,understand,beworth,stand,giveup,feellike,insiston,succeedin,setabout等。2)下列动词跟v-ing作宾语；但如果已有n./pron.作宾语时，后则跟todo结构作宾语补足语，如：advise,allow,consider,forbid,permit,recommend等。3)下列动词可跟v-ing或todo结构，但意义上有区别：forget/remember:+doing(忘记/记得已做过)；+todo（还未做）goon:+doing（继续同一件事）；+todo（继续另一件事）can’thelp:+doing（禁不住）；+(to)do（不能帮助）mean:+doing（意味着）；+todo（打算、故意做）regret:+doing（后悔做了）；+tosay/tell/inform（遗憾告知）stop:+doing（停止做）；+todo（停下来做另一件事）try:+doing（尝试）；+todo（尽力做）4)“to”在下列词组中为介词，故须跟v-ing:beusedto/beaccustomedto,payattentionto,lookforwardto,leadto,contribute…to,devote/dedicate…to,objectto,beopposedto,getdownto,beequalto,turnto等。5)物+need,require,want（需要）/deserve（值得）：+v.ing（主动表被动）/tobedone皆可。6)Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless：+doing7)动名词的复合结构：如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在动名词前加一个物主代词，或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。巩固练习：1.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2.---Whatshouldwedowiththeemptybottles?---Ourteacheradvises_______them.A.tosellB.sellingC.havingsol