高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

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高考英语语法填空技巧与方法一、学前热身ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAugust.BrookeAstorwasonehundredandfiveyearsold.TheextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife__1__(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth,NewHampshire.Shewastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitaryofficer.Aftertwoearlier__2__(marry),shemarriedVincentAstorin1953again.Hecamefromafamily__3__hadbeenrichforleastonhundredyears.Amongotherthings,heownedmanybuildingsinNewYorkCity.BrookeAstorbecameoneofthe__4__(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstordied.Shealsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization__5__(found)byherhusband.Herepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving__6__hismoney.Andapparentlyshedid.MissusAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars__7__(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorkCity.Shesaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas__8__themoneyhadbeenmade.Shegavefinancialsupporttothecity’sculturalcenters,itspooranddisabledas__9__astomanyothersmallercharities.Whenshedied,themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday__10__hersupport.二、题型介绍(1)短文来源:都来自网上。(2)短文长度:170-200词。(3)短文难度:没有超出课标的生词,但有课标单词的派生词。(4)短文题材:或体现文化内涵,或给人心灵以启迪等。(5)考点设置:①纯空格题:设6-7个小题。②用括号中所给词填空:设3-4个小题。(6)答案特点:①纯空格题:试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”,即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。②用括号中所给词填空:试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”,这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成?两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。④两年都有所填词位于句首,此时第一个字母要注意大写。三、解题高招(一)通读全文,把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。(二)结合语境,试填空格。读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:1、纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧:技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如:[例1]IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and___38___getstherealmostinasecond.(2007年茂名一模)技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如:[例2]Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp___33___ricecropgrowupquickly.(2008年广东高考)例3]…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___35___smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.(2007年广东高考)技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。[例4]…whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme___33___aguestintheirhouse.(2007年广东高考)技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。[例5]…twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso___34___CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.[例6]…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme___36___almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.(2008年深圳一模)技巧5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。[例7]Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays___32___IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(2008年广州一模)[例8]Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,___37___hefeltveryhappy…(2008年广东高考)技巧6:若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。[例9]Whatisacceptableinonecountry___31___beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.例10]Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe______bringhomearegularsalary.技巧7:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由itis…that…强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。如:[例11]…and___40___wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!(2)由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等,还是填do,does,did等。如:[例12]______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。如:[例13]…as___32___tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists…(2008年佛山二模)[例14]Datingsitesalsomake___36___easytoavoidsomeonewhomyouarenotinterestedin.(2008年惠州二模)(4)so/such…that…句型。如:[例15]Thismadethegoatsojealous___34___itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.(2007年惠州二模)(5)more…than…(与其说……不如说……,比……更……)句型。如:[例16]Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares___40___howmuchhepays.(2007深圳宝安期末)2、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧8:若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态。[例17]Hisfearoffailure___36___(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(2008年深圳一模)[例18]ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherInvitation,___40___(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模)[例19]InLogan,threepeople___38___(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.(2007梅州二模)技巧9:若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有:(1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。如:[例20]…butitisnotenoughonly___35___(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(2007年佛山一模)[例21]______(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如:[例22]_______(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.[例23]Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely___33___(succeed).(2008年佛山一模)(3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。如:[例24]Hesawthestone,___37___(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”(2008年东莞一模)[例25]Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。如:[例26]Therewillbeameeting,___40___(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.(2008年广州二模)[例27]Lessons___39___(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.(广东考试说明)3、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有:技巧10:作表语、定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