高考英语语法复习专题-非谓语动词

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嘉兴英语教学网页高考英语语法复习专题------非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)be+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事)(2)带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like+sb.todosth.③主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider/feel+sb.+tobe/tohavedone④主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too,so…astodo,such+名词…astodo作结果状语,如:Thegirlwassokindastohelptheoldmanoffthebus.嘉兴英语教学网’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.对不起,请稍等。(说话时还未等)I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起,让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。(B)was/wereto+不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。①同一结构并列由and或or连接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例:Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略。Whathedidwaslosethegame.③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.④主句含有不定式,后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。⑤Whynot、hadbetter、wouldrather、can’tbut等词后省to。如:Hecouldnotbutwalkhome.(8)不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have。如:Susanisnotwhatsheusedtobe.—Youcamelatelastnight.Yououghttohavefinishedyourhomework.—IknowIoughttohave.常见的有:I’dlike/love/behappyto.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)动名词作宾语。①下列动词后只能接动名词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,eacape,permit。②下列动词短语接动名词:leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。嘉兴英语教学网页③介词后要接动名词。whatabout、howabout、without、befondof、begoodat等介词后接动名词。注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引导的从中。作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如onhisarrival…。④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别:begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’tstand例句解析1.Itbegantorain.Itbeganraining.2.Itwasbeginningtosnow.3.Ilovelying(tolie)onmyback.4.Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdon’tliketo.5.Idon’tprefertoswimintherivernow.1.意思无差别,但谓语动词用进行时,后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语,如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式。remember,forget,regret,try例句解析1.Iremembertomeetheratthestation.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.2.Iforgotgivingittoyouyesterday.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.Nowhereitis.3.Iregretnothavingworkinghard.Iregrettohearofyoursister’sdeath.4.Tryknockingatthebackdoor.Wemusttrytogeteverythingready.5.Thatwillmeanfloodingsomeland.IhadmeanttogoonMonday.1.remembertodosth.记住要做的事rememberdoingsth.回顾过去发生的事2.forgettodosth.忘记要做的事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过的事3.regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔4.trytodosth.设法……,试图trydoingsth.试试看,试一试5.meantodosth.打算做……,想要meandoingsth.意味着,就是want,require,need例句解析Thesedesksneedrepairing.Thesedesksneedtoberepaired.ThepatientrequiredexaminedThepatientrequiredtobeexamined.1.needdoing需要被做needtobedone需要被做2.wantdoingwanttobedone3.requiredoingrequiretobedone4、分词复习应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when,while等)Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.Nothavingfinishedherworkintime,thebossfiredher.②原因状语Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote③伴随状语Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.嘉兴英语教学网页④结果状语Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(2)分词作表语。S.+be+动词-ed表示被动,主语是人;S.+be+动词-ing表示主动,主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别:感官动词动词原形→做了某事S.++宾语+现在分词→正在做某事使役动词过去分词→做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语,相当于一个状语从句,有来说明原因、时间、条件等。(1)过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.=Becausehewastiredbythetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.=Ashewaslostinthought,healmostranintoacar.(2)作时间状语Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.=Whenthecityisseenfromthehill,itlooksli

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