高考英语语法复习精讲与练习(七)虚拟语气

高考英语语法复习精讲与练习（七）虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用【经典例题】1.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented2.IfIhadwornmyovercoat,I_______cold.A.won’thavecaughtB.couldn’thavecaughtC.won’tcatchD.wouldn’tcatch3.—Ifhe______,he______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome【答案与解析】1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用wouldhave+过去分词形式。2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would/couldhave+过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。3．B.根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用wouldhave+过去分词形式。4．D．根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用couldhavedone，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。【重点归纳】一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下：1.与现在事实相反条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would（should/might/could）+动词原形”。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheinvitationtotheparty.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。IfIknewherwell,Iwouldtellyouabouther.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。2.与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”,如：Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。IfIhadgotupearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。3．与将来事实相反条件从句用过去时或者“wereto+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”，主句用“would（should/might/could）+动词原形”,如：IfitwereSaturdaytomorrow,wewouldn’thaveanexam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。Ifyouweretovisittheschooltomorrow,youwouldseeProfessorSmith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoffuntilnextFriday.如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。【特别提示】在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时。二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句中有were,had,或者should等词时，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。如：IfIshouldmeether(ShouldImeether),Iwouldtellher.如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。IfIwereinyourposition(WereIinyourposition),Iwoulddoitbetter.如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。Iftheyhadmadepreparations(Hadtheymadepreparations),theywouldhavesucceeded.如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。Grammarwork语法专练动词变形用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.—¬Ifthefactory___________(belong)tome,I___________(notsell)it.—Butitisn’tyours.2.—Ifyou___________(keep)thesecret,nobody___________(know)it.—I’msorryformakingsuchamistake.3.Iftheweatherweretobe(be)finetomorrow,I______(go)foranoutingwithmyparents.4.___________(be)Iyou,Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain.5.___________(have)Ihadtimelastnight,I___________(go)toseethiswonderfulfilm.完成句子根据中文提示完成下列各句。1.如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？What___________you___________,ifyou___________fiveyearsyounger?2.如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。Ifyou______________________yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_________________________________.3.如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。Ifit___________foggytomorrow,I______________________mycartogoshopping.4.如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。Ifit______________________clearuptomorrow,we______________________forapicnic.5.如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。IfI___________aboy,I___________certainlyjointhearmy.6.如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。Ifyou___________mybrother,you___________treatmeinthesameway.7.如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。I______________________veryhappy,ifI___________aneldersisterlikeyou.8.如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。IfI______________________upthewallet,I_________________________________ittoitsowner.9.万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。Ifit___________snowheavilytomorrow,everything___________bechanged.10.如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。Ifyou______________________thatday,thefire_________________________________out.Grammarquiz语法小测测一测选择最佳答案。1.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.shouldgiveD.maygive2.Whatwouldhavehappened________asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedB.ifBobshouldwalkC.hadBobwalkedD.ifBobwalked3.________Iinyourposition,Iwouldnotaccepttheinvitation.A.WasB.WereC.BeD.Am4.Ifmyfather________herethedayaftertomorrow,he________meatall.A.came,can’tseeBcomes,couldn’tseeC.comes,couldn’thaveseenD.came,couldn’tsee5.Ifit________tosnownextweek,Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage.A.isB.beC.wereD.are6.Ifit________rainthisevening,IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might7.__________askedtodothis,Iwouldcertainlydoitinadifferentway.A.WereIB.AmIC.IfIamD.WasI8.Ifhecouldhelpus,Iamsurehe________.He’salwaysreadytohelpothers.A.shouldB.hadC.wouldhaveD.did9.________herintime,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.A.IfIstoppedB.DidIstopC.IfIdidn’tstopD.IfIhadn’tstopped10.IfI_________tenyearsyounger,I_________outtotrymyluck.A.am,wouldgoB.was,willgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone11.Ifyou__________myadvice,you_________suchaseriousmistake.A.followed,can’tmakeB.followed,couldn’thavemadeC.hadfollowed,couldn’tmakeD.hadfollowed,couldn’thavemade12.IfI_________thatcrowdedbusyesterdaymorning,I_________mypursewithalotofmoneyinit.A.didn’ttake,couldn’tloseB.hadn’ttaken,wouldn’thavelostC.hadn’ttaken,couldn’tloseD.didn’ttake,can’thavelost语法专练(Onepossibleversion)动词变形1.belonged;wouldn’tsell2.hadkept;wouldhaveknown3.wouldgo4.Were5.Had;wouldhavegone完成句子1.would;do;were2.haddriven;couldn’thavehappened3.were;couldn’tdrive4.wer