高考英语语法非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词I(NonfiniteVerbs)主讲:雷小娟非谓语动词?•在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。•非谓语动词分为三种形式:1)不定式，2)动名词，3)分词(现在分词和过去分词)。不定式---形式(TheInfinitive)时态\语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/不定式动词不定式在句中可作主语(Subject),宾语(Object),定语(Attribute),表语(Predicative)状语(Adverbial)等。①It’sagoodhabittogetupearly.②Weplantogototheseasideforourholiday.③Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.④Myjobistohelpthepatient.⑤Tosleeplateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.动名词/现在分词时态/语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3)过去分词只有done一种形式.动名词:在句中起名词作用，可作主语,表语,宾语和定语1)_______________________(收集信息）isveryimportanttobusinessmen.2)Myfavouritesportis_________________(踢足球）3)Hefinished_____________(看完这本书)yesterday.4)Hehasa________room.(书房）Collectinginformationreadingthebookreadingplayingfootball定语;表语;状语;宾语补足语1)Doyouknowthegirlbakingbread.2)Thesleepingbeautywassocharming.3)Movedbyhiswords,Iacceptedhispresent.4)WhenIheardmynamecalled,Istoodup.分词:现在分词(v.ing)过去分词(done)在句中作何成分?非谓语动词的否定式?1)not+todo(不定式)2)not+doing(动名词/现在分词)eg.Ourteachersoftentellus_____tolie.noteg._____havingbeeninformed,hedidn’tknowthenotice.Not非谓语作状语的重点与难点状语动词不定式在句中可作目的,原因,结果状语。1.Topasstheexam,Bobstudiedhard.(Inorderto…(表目的)2.Nicetomeetyouagain.(表原因)3.Heworkedhardonlytofail.(表结果)动名词:在句中作主语,表语,宾语和定语而不能作状语分词:现在分词(v.ing)过去分词(done)想一想:在句中可作哪些状语?Underlinethenonfiniteverbs(找非谓语动词):1.a)Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentslefttheclassroom.1.b)Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.(=Aftertheyhaddone……)(=Whenhewasasked….)(时间状语)3.a)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.3.b)Borninthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.(=Ashewasill,……)(=As/Becausehewasborn……)(原因状语)2.a)Workinghard,youwilldowellinyourexams.2.b)Givenmoretime,Icandobetter.(=Ifyouworkhard,…)(=IfIamgiven……)(条件状语)4.a)Thoughweighingalmostfiftykilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.4.b)Althoughtired,theycontinuedtowork.(=Thoughitweighs…)(=Althoughtheyweretired,……)(让步状语)5.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan(=…,sothathebecameanorphan,…….)(结果状语)6.a)Theywentintotheroom,Laughingandtalking.6.b)Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents(方式或伴随)(=…,laughedandtalked.)(=…andwassurrounded…)总结:分词(现在,过去分词)在句中作状语,可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式等含义,现在分词还可作结果状语、相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.总结非谓语作状语的高考热门例析例析Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.SeenSeenfromthetopofthemountain,wecanviewthebeautyofthewholecity.Seeing•规律(一):•分词:现在分词/过去分词•现在分词表示主动和进行；•过去分词表示被动和完成。•▲分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致发散思维当非谓语的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用哪种结构来表达?Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.^Weseeing当非谓语的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用独立主格结构来表达?1.Themanager,___itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.madeC.havingmadeD.making2.___manytimes,hediditwell.A.BeingtoldB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.TobetoldCC•规律(二):•当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,•如果表被动则用havingbeendone3.Herushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeDA•规律(三):不定式与现在分词都可作结果状语区别:不定式表“出乎意料,意料之外”现在分词表“顺其自然,意料之中,方式或伴随,还可表原因(前因后果)”等,非谓语作状语的习惯用法与特殊用法1.___fromhislook,shemusthavejustbeenseparatedfromherMr.Right.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.BeingjudgedB此题考察v.ing作插入语的习惯用法,故选B2.____youthetruth,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.A.TellB.TotellC.TellingD.ToldB此题考察不定式作插入语的习惯用法,故选B必背:Judgingfrom…由…判断副词(adv.)+speaking…的来说generallyspeaking一般说来,总的来说,personallyspeaking就个人来说,就自己而言strictlyspeaking严格说来believeitornot信不信由你必背:tobehonest老实说totellyouthetruth说老实话tobefrank坦率地说tosaynothingof姑且不说tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说sotospeak可以这么说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobeginwith首先非谓语动词作状语的高考热门考点小结小结:1.分词与主语的关系(分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致:表示主动和进行用现在分词;表示被动和完成用过去分词)2.要考虑时态与语态3.要记一些习惯用法非谓语作状语的巩固练习1.Hisparentsdied,___himanorphan.A.LeftB.leavingC.leaveD.toleave2.Herushedtothepostofficeonly___itwasclosed.A.findingB.findC.foundD.tofindBD3.When___help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”(福建卷33题）A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered4.Hecalledthepoliceforhelp,___thattheproblemwasmorethanhecoulddealwith.A.realizeB.torealizeC.realizedD.realizingDD5.____areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived6.Whilewatchingtelevision,____.（全国卷Ⅲ18题）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings7.______itornot,youwillsucceedonedayinthefuture.A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed8.____honest,wearenotsuretofindthegirlintheforest.A.BeB.TobeC.BeingD.beenAB9.____intheclassroom,hefeltsomewhathomesick.A.SeatingB.ToseatC.SeatedD.SeatsC此题考察“seat”只用过去分词“seated”作状语等的习惯用法,故选C