高考英语阅读理解5大题型解析(福建省版)

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1阅读理解5大题型解析一、细节理解题:定义:对原文的某事物、现象或理论等进行提问。它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。问题主要包询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)以及文中的数据(data)等等。特征:题干中包含有比较明确的具体信息,可以在原文中找到相对应的位置。解题方法:定位法:根据题干信息回归原文找到相对应的位置(最好做划线记号),然后仔细分析划线部分前面或后面的句子,与选项做对比,与原文表述相一致的即为正确选项。要特别注意的是,原文与选项对比是要表达意思一致,而不仅仅是某几个单词一样。经典例题:(2010年福建高考英语卷C篇)Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.66.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere实战演练:(2010年福建高考英语卷E篇)IntheUnitedStates,thereweresomewell-constructedhousesfornativeIndians,rangingfromthesimplebrushsheltertothefive-storiedpueblo.IntheeasternUnitedStates,oneoftheexistingtypeswasthatcommonlyknowundertheAlgonkiannameofwigwaminwhichtheIroquoisIndianslived.Thewigwamswereofwagon-topshapewithstraightsidesandends,madebybendingyoungtreestoformtheroundshape.Overthisshapepiecesoftreebarkwerelaidtoprotectthe2Indiansfrombadweather.Overthebarkdriedgrasswasadded.Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.Doorwaysateachenservedalsoaswindows,TheIroquoisIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirvillages.Thewallhadonlyoneopening.Theycouldquicklyclosethisopeningiftheirenemiescamenear.Interestingly,theChoctawIndiansinMississippialsolivedinawigwamofamostprimitive(原始的)construction,butdifferentfromthoseoftheIroquoisIndians.TheChoctawIndians’wigwams,madefrommud,caneandstraw,wereintheformofabee-hive.Thecoveringwasmadeofalong,toughgrass.Apostinthecentresupportedtheroof.Aholeinthetopadmittedthelight,andallowedthesmoketopassout.Thetipitent-housingoftheupperlakeandplainsareawasputupwithpolessetlightlyintheground,tiedtogethernearthetop,andcoveredwithbarkandgrassinthelakecountry.Itwaseasilyportable,andtwowomencouldsetituportakeitdownwithinanhour.ThePawnee,MandanandotherIndiantribes(部落)alongtheMissouribuiltsolidring-shapedstructuresoftrunk,coveredwithearthanddriedgrass,housingadozenfamilies.TheWichitaandothertribesoftheTexasborderbuiltlargering-shapedhousescoveredwithdriedgrass.Apartfromtheregularhousing,almosteverytribehadsomestyleofhousing.73.Accordingtothepassage,thePawneeIndiansbuilttheirhouses_____.A.withopeningsinthetrunkwallsB.largeenoughforseveralfamiliesC.inaringshapewithbarkandmudD.bybendingyoungtreestoformtheshapexx|二、推理判断题:定义:在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,根据文章的信息做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。它包括判断和推理题,这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。近年来高考推理判断题的题量有加大的趋势,考生一定要注意:特征:一般有如下提问方式:(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat______.或Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?(2)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________(3)Thepassagesuggeststhat________(4)WhichofthefollowingisTRUE/NotTrueaccordingtothepassage?(5)Wecanlearn/knowfromthepassagethat_____________.(6)Accordingtothetext,whichcanbestdescribe×××?(7)Whichistrueabout×××?解题方法:排除法:由于题干中没有提供具体的信息让我们在原文中找到位置,所以这类题型只能从选项入手,A、、B、C、D四个选项逐个与原文对比分析,先排除在原文中能找得到且对比之后发现与原文不一致的错误选项,再排除文章中未提到的选项,最后得出正确选项,正确选项总是和原文中的某句话、某个信息由直接或间接地关系。经典例题:(2010年福建高考英语卷C篇)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected,Whenalcoholisconsumed,itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant(抑制药),damagingeyesight,judgmentandco-ordination(协调),slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtheriskofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglink,drivingwillbeaffected.Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedint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