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第1页共4页语法专题一：定语从句1.定语从句的几个基本概念：1)先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。2)先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3)关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。作主语：指物，则用that,which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that,who引导，不省略。作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that,which引导，可省略；指人，用that,who,whom引导，可省略。注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom;指物只能用which。作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that,可省略。作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4)关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when,地点用where,原因用why，亦可用介词+which替代。所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。5)非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。(1)which:用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。(2)who/whom:用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。(3)all/someof+which/whom:用于指代先行词的部分。(4)as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思,引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。2.一些特殊用法：1)一般只用that引导从句的情况：(1)限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery等修饰时；(2)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等时；(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时；(4)先行词既有人又有物时；(5)当句中已有who时，为避免重复。2)一般只用which引导从句的情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时；(2)引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时；(3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who；(4)替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this,that等,引导定从。3)由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意；(2）当先行词前有thesame，such修饰时，或在“so/as…as”结构中，表示“那样……以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句；(3)在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。第2页共4页4)当way作先行词时，可用that,inwhich或省略引导定从5)当先行词为situation,case,point,job,condition等时，常用where引导定从。6)当先行词为oneofthe+复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；当先行词为the(only)oneofthe+复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词；巩固练习：1.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime3.Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that4.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich5.NewYork,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich6.Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where7.GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname8.______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingA.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.AwhoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom10.Anyway,thatevening,______I'lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which11.Thefactory______thestudentsvisitedlastweekistheone______Ihaveworkedfortheeyears.A.that;whichB.when;inwhichC./;whereD.which;that12.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing____Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that13.Theschool______myfatherteachesisaworld-famousone,______wassetup100yearsago.A.where;whichB.which;whichC./;whereD.where;that14.ThisisMr.Smith,______Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.thatD./15.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What16.---Whenwasthehousebuilt?---Itwasbuiltin1949______thePRCwasfounded.第3页共4页A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when17.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that18.Hehasthreebrothers,______isadoctor.A.allofthemB.allofwhomC.noneofwhomD.bothofthem19.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that20.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why21.Theplace______interestedmemostwastheGnatWall.A.inwhichB.whichC.whereD.what22.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen23.I'dlikeacar______frontlightsarebigandtuned.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhich24.Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink,A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that25.Theartist______thejudgegaveaprizeistheteacher______Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfortwoyears.A.fromwhom;bywhomB.towhom;whoC.fromwhom;whoD.towhom;bywhom26.Forweeksthestreethasn'tbeencleanedbythecleaners,______makesitverydirty.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.this27.Nowteenagersliketogotothefastfoodrestaurants,______eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where28.Inmyoldschoolalbumtherearesomepicturesofsometeachers______can’tbefoundinyours.A.whichB.whoC.thoseD.they29.Henrysetupaclubforfootballfans,______heinvitedallhisfriends.A.forwhomB.towhomC.towhichD.fromwhich30.Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose31.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.when32.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when33.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which34.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,______,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what35.IboughtanancientChine