高考试题替代考点全解析

-1-高考试题替代考点全解析[高考真题回放]1.Hehasonebluepenandtwored.(80卷)A.oneB.onceC.one’sD.ones2.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept__whohadalreadytakenthem.(92全国卷)A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers3.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave______.(95全国卷)A.itB.thoseC.themD.one4.---Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?---Didn’twejusthave_____?(2000全国卷)A.itB.thatC.oneD.this5.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure.(02全国卷)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what6.--Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?--_____.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(04江苏卷)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso7.IpreferaflatinInvernessto_____inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom’s.(05天津卷)A.oneB.thatC.itD.this8.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan____inthecity.(05江苏卷)A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those9.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious____thanmobilephonesdo.(05江西卷)A.oneB.onesC.itD.those10.We’vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven’tfound_____welikeyet.(05浙江卷)A.oneB.onesC.itD.them11.–Willyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?–_______.(06全国卷II)A.IlikeitB.IhopesoC.I’lldosoD.I’dloveit12.Don’ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumoreharmthangoodifyou_______.(07江西卷)A.doB.takeC.likeD.have13.---Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabest-seller.-2----Whenwas_____?---_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.(07浙江卷)A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It14.–DoyouknowAnna’stelephonenumber?--____.Asamatteroffact,Idon’tknowanyAnna,either.(08全国卷II)A.IthinksoB.I’mafraidnotC.IhopesoD.I’drathernot15.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwasofpublichealth.(09全国卷I)A.whatB.thisC.thatD.which16.TheCDsareonsale!Buyoneandyougetcompletelyfree.(09全国卷II)ks5uks5uA.otherB.othersC.oneD.onesks5uks5u17.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy.(09四川卷)A.oneB.itC.thisD.that18.---What’sthematterwithDella?---Well,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill__(09江苏卷)A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesforKey:1—18:DADCBAACBABADBCCBA【考点归纳及解析】替代是英语中为了避免重复而采用的一种词汇手段。用于表示代替的词除了人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词外，还有替代词one,ones,theone,theones,that,those和so以及not，另外还有动词型替代词do,does,did。下面结合各年高考试题中的对应考点对它们的用法进行归纳：一、同名同物类替代词。这类替代词所指代的是上文的事物本身，属于特指，其单数形式用it代替，复数形式用they或them代替。如：【09四川卷】Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that本题答案B。下文所指没有钱购买的就是前半句说的thishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront.，要用it代替。又如：Lookatthebooksonthedesk!They(=Thebooks)areveryinstructive.HereisanotebookandIboughtit(=thenotebook)lastweek.二、同名异物不可数类替代词。这类替代词在下文所代替的事物是与上文中出现的事物-3-名称相同，类别相同，但属于另外的同类事物。常用that代替，它相当于“the+所替代的不可数名词”。如：【05江苏卷】I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan____inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those本题答案C。空白处所指的是与乡村里的air相对应的城市里的air，air是不可数名词，要用that替代，that=theair。三、同名异物单数泛指类替代词。此类替代词所代替的是与上文的单数可数名词相同名称、相同类别但属于另外的一个人或事物。常用one(=a/an+所代替的单数名词)或a/an+adj.+one(=a/an+adj.+所代替的单数名词)。如：【05天津卷】IpreferaflatinInvernessto_____inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom’s.A.oneB.thatC.itD.this本题答案A。题中对应于prefer…to…的是aflatinInverness和aflatinPerth，所以空白处应填的答案是aflat或one。上述高考试题3中one=aglass，试题4中one=abreak，试题5中one=amoment，试题10中one=ahouse，试题16中one=aCD。四、同名异物复数泛指类替代词。此类替代词所代替的是与上文的复数名词相同名称、相同类别但属于另外的一些人或事物。常用ones(=所代替的复数名词)。如：【05江西卷】Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious____thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.those本题答案B。题干中后半句指的是seriousproblems表示泛指，空白处可以填problems或ones。又如：【80卷】Hehasonebluepenandtwored.A.oneB.onceC.one’sD.ones答案D。空白处指两支红钢笔，与蓝色钢笔同类不是同一事物，且是复数。空白处可以填pens或ones。五、同名异物可数特指类替代词。这类替代词所替代的是与上文的可数名词同名、同类但属于另外一个或一些人或事物，且在下文替代时属于特指含义。其单数形式用theone或the+adj.+one(=the+所替代的单数名词或the+adj.+所替代的单数名词)；复数形式用theones或the+adj.+ones(=the+所替代的复数名词或the+adj.+所替代的复数名词)，theones接后置定语时还可以用those表示。如：-4-【92全国卷】MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers答案A。空白处是指“除了已经领走书的那些学生”，与上半句中的thepupils同类但不是相同的人，故空白处可以是thepupils或theones或those。六、指代上文情况或情节类替代词。这类替代词主要是that或it。它们都可以用于代替上文情况。如：【07浙江卷】---Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabest-seller.---Whenwas_____?---_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It本题答案D。该题第一空所指代的是第一个人说话的内容，用that替代。第二空是属于强调结构，用it。又如：Don’treadinthesun.Itisbadforyoureyes.此处it指代上句情况。七、从句类替代词。这类替代词主要用于代替上文中的信息且在下文以从句形式出现，常用so替代肯定从句和not或not…so代替否定从句。常常能够这样替代的结构有Ithink/believe/consider/suppose/guess/hope/amafraid…so和Idon’tthink/believe/supposeso和Ithink/believe/supposenot.但Ihopenot/Iguessnot/Iamafraidnot不能换成not…so形式。如：【08全国卷II】–DoyouknowAnna’stelephonenumber?--____.Asamatteroffact,Idon’tknowanyAnna,either.A.IthinksoB.I’mafraidnotC.IhopesoD.I’drathernot本题答案B。由对话可知，答话者对对方的问题持否定且委婉回答的语气。即：I’mafraidthatIdon’tknowhertelephonenumber.又如：【06全国卷II】–Willyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?–_______.A.IlikeitB.IhopesoC.I’lldosoD.I’dloveit本题答案B。Ihopeso=IhopethatIwillbeabletofinishmyreporttoday.八、动词类替代词。此类替代词主要是do,does,did和be。用于代替上文中出现的动词及动词短语，避免重复。如：【07江西卷】12.Don’ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumoreharmthangoodifyou_______.A.doB.takeC.likeD.have-5-答案A。ifyoudo=ifyoutaketoomuchofthemedicine。又如：Ifyouwanttost