宾语从句中考考点

宾语从句中考考点宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语，或位于间接宾语之后。宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、考查宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.若由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，其引导词由that引导；不过that只起引导作用，无具体意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略.eg:1.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.他说他想呆在家里。2.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.我相信他会成功。2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，其引导词由if或whether引导，意为“是否”，表示选择。Eg:1.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.我想知道他是否住那儿。2.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.他问我是否可帮帮他。whether和if用法巧计：主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；discuss加介后，whether引导宾语从；不定式，ornot后面跟，whether独能显神通；宾从如时否定句，if发挥其功用；避免歧义要慎重，其他情况可换用。注意：在引导宾语从句时，if和whether一般可换用，但在下列几种情况下只用whether，不用if。⑴当ornot紧随引导词之后时。Eg:1.Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我们不知道她是否已经做好准备。⑵当从句用作介词宾语时。Eg:1.Iaminterestedinwhetherhejoinedthearmy.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。⑶当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。Eg:1.Whetherthisistrueornot,I'mnotsure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。4.在不定式前用whetherEg:Idon’tknowwhethertostayhere.（不过if可引导条件状语从句，whether则不可。）3.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时，则特殊疑问词便是引导词（如who/whose/what/which;when/where/why/how等），它们均充当一定成分，一般不可省略。Eg:1.Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?你知道他们在等谁？2.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?你能告诉我三路车站在哪儿？3.Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.我不知道火车为什么晚点了？注意：引导词的选择应依据句子成分及具体语境。宾语从句的引导词练习题：1.-5.ABACB6-11.CCABAA1.TheteacheraskedmeIneededanyhelp.A.whetherB.thatC.what2.—Doyoustillremember___hecamehere？—Yes，Ido.Hecamebybus.A.whenB.howC.what3.Doyouknow____wewilltalkaboutattomorrow'smeeting？A.whatB.thatC.where4.—Couldyoutellme_____sheislookingfor？—Hercousin，Susan.A.whatB.whoseC.who5.Idon'tknow_____Tomwillgoornot.A.whatB.whetherC.how6.Bobdidn’ttelltheothers______hefoundit.A.whatB.thatifC.how7.—Doyouknow______we’llgetthereat3:00thisafternoon?—I’mafraidwe’llbelate.A.thatB.howC.whether8.Couldyoutellme______theyhavedonewiththerubbish?A.whatB.whereC.how9.—Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.what10.Theforeigneraskedme______IcouldspeakEnglish.A.ifB.whatC.that11.Thisisnotmywatch.Doyouknow______itis?A.whoseB.whichC.who二、考查宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句之间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”结构。从句中不会出现像do,did,does这三个无意义的助动词。常用的出题形式为单项选择题、句型转换题（直接引语转换为间接引语此类的题）。Eg:1.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.我认为你不久就会喜欢这所学校。2.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?你能告诉我怎样才能到达动物园好吗？3.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。宾语从句的语序练习题：1-5.ACCAB6-11.BAACCC1.Iwanttoknow______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedid2.TheteacheraskedLucy______.A.wheredoesshecomefromB.whatdidshelikebestC.ifshecouldspeakChinese3.Couldyoutellme______?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethenearestbusstopis4.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?—Certainly.It’sovertherealongthestreetontheleft.A.wherethePeople’sParkisB.whereisthePeople’sParkC.thePeople’sParkiswhere5.—Bytheway,doyouknowtheNationalSpellingBee?—No,Ineverheardofit.Tellme______,please.A.whatisitB.whatitisC.itiswhat6.Heaskedhisclassmatewhere______.A.doeshisteacherseethefilmB.histeachersawthefilmC.didhisteacherseethefilm7.Iwanttoknow_____.A.whathisnameisB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameis8.Jimdoesn'tunderstand_______.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseum9.Myfrienddidn'ttellme_______.A.whichroomhelivedB.whichroomdidheliveinC.whichroomhelivedin10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappened11.--Doyouknow______________now?一InthePeople'sHotel．AwhereisTomworkingBwheredidTomworkC．whereTomisworking三.考查宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致,规则如下：1.如果主句是为一般现在时或祈使句、一般将来时或现在完成时，则宾语从句的谓语动词可根据意义上的需要选用任何一种适当的时态(即：此时从句的时态就不受主句限制，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态)；Eg:1.Pleasetelluswhereheis.请告诉我们他在哪儿。2.DoyouknowhowKatecamehere?你知道凯特怎么来这儿的吗？3.Tellmeatwhattimetheshipisleaving.告诉我船什么时候出发？2.若主句是一般过去时态,宾语从句只能用过去的某种时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。(即：主过从过)Eg:1.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.他问什么时候了。2.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.他告诉我他正在为运动会作准备。3.SheaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.她问你是否给皮特写过信。4.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.他说他不久就返回美国3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、名言、警句等，则不管主句是何种时态，从句常用一般现在时。Eg:1.OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.我们老师说January是一年中的第一个月。2.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.科学家已证实地球绕着太阳转。4.以could/would等开头的句子，要看成一般现在时(是一种委婉说法)，不可看成一般过去时。(即：情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。)Eg:1.Couldyoutellme?HowcanIgettothepostoffice?(合并成宾语从句)→CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostofflce?(其中can不可改为could)2.Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhenwewillvisitthenewOlympicCenter?宾语从句的时态练习题：1-5.BCBCB6-10.CCCCA11-17CAAACCC1.—Couldyoupleasetellme______?—It’snexttothepostoffice.A.whereisthesupermarketB.wherethesupermarketisC.wherethesupermarketwas2.Doyouknow______thistimeyesterday?A.whatsheisdoingB.whatwasshedoingC.whatshewasdoing3.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit______?A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuilt4.—WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting?—HesaidthatI______better.A.candoB.willdoC.coulddo5.—Couldyouletmeknow_____yesterday?—Becausethetrafficwasheavy.A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whyyoucomelate6.Theteacheraskedme______.A.whydoIcomelateB.whyIcomelateC.whyIcamelate7—Couldyoutellmewhomtheradio_________by?一Sorry，Ihavenoidea．A．inventsBinventedCwasinvented8.Id