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ForewordNationalBuildingInformationModelingStandard™©2007NationalInstituteofBuildingSciences.Allrightsreserved.12/18/20071ForewordTheconstructionindustryisinthemiddleofagrowingcrisisworldwide.With40%oftheworld’srawmaterialsbeingconsumedbybuildings,theindustryisakeyplayeringlobaleconomicsandpolitics.And,sincefacilitiesconsume40%oftheworld’senergyand65.2%oftotalU.S.electricalconsumption,theconstructionindustryisakeyplayerinenergyconservation,too!Withfacilitiescontributing40%ofthecarbonemissionstotheatmosphereand20%ofmaterialwastetolandfills,theindustryisakeyplayerintheenvironmentalequation.Clearly,theconstructionindustryhasaresponsibilitytousetheearth’sresourcesasefficientlyaspossible.ConstructionspendingintheUnitedStatesisestimatedtobe$1.288trillionfor2008.TheConstructionIndustryInstituteestimatesthereisupto57%non-valueaddedeffortorwasteinourcurrentbusinessmodels.Thismeanstheindustrymaywasteover$600billioneachyear.Thereisanurgentneedforconstructionindustrystakeholderstomaximizetheportionofservicesthataddvalueinend-productsandtoreducewaste.Anotherloomingnationalcrisisistheinabilitytoprovideenoughqualifiedengineers.SomeestimatetheUnitedStateswillbeshortamillionengineersbytheyear2020.In2007,theUnitedStateswasnolongertheworld’slargestconsumer,aconditionthatwillforceUnitedStatesindustrytobemorecompetitiveinattractingtalentedprofessionals.TheUnitedStatesconstructionindustrymusttakeimmediateactiontobecomemorecompetitive.Thecurrentapproachtoindustrytransformationislargelyfocusedineffortstooptimizedesignandconstructionphaseactivities.Whilethereismuchtodointhosephases,alifecycleviewisrequired.Whensustainabilityisnotadequatelyincorporated,thewasteassociatedwithcurrentdesign,engineering,andconstructionpracticesgrowsthroughouttherestofthefacility’slifecycle.Productswithashortlifeaddtoperformancefailures,waste,recyclingcosts,energyconsumption,andenvironmentaldamage.Throughcascadingeffects,theseproblemsnegativelyaffecttheeconomyandnationalsecurityduetodependenceonforeignpetroleum,anegativebalanceoftrade,andenvironmentaldegradation.Tohaltcurrentdeclineandreverseexistingeffects,theindustryhasaresponsibilitytotakeimmediateaction.Whileonlyaverysmallportionoffacilitylifecyclecostsoccurduringdesignandconstruction,thosearethephaseswhereourdecisionshavethegreatestimpact.Mostofthecostsassociatedwithafacilitythroughoutitslifecycleaccrueduringafacility’soperationsandsustainment.Carnegie-MellonUniversityresearchhasindicatedthatanimprovementofjust3.8%inproductivityinthefunctionsthatoccurinabuildingwouldtotallypayforthefacility’sdesign,construction,operationsandsustainment,throughincreasedefficiency.Therefore,asindustryfocusesoncreating,maintaining,andoperatingfacilitiesmoreefficiently,simultaneousactionisrequiredtoensurethatpeopleandprocessessupportedbyfacilitiesareoptimized.BIMstandsfornewconceptsandpracticesthataresogreatlyimprovedbyinnovativeinformationtechnologiesandbusinessstructuresthattheywilldramaticallyreducethemultipleformsofwasteandinefficiencyinthebuildingindustry.Whetherusedtorefertoaproduct–BuildingInformationModel(astructureddatasetdescribingabuilding),anactivity–BuildingInformationModeling(theactofcreatingaBuildingInformationModel),orasystem–BuildingInformationManagement(businessstructuresofworkandcommunicationthatincreasequalityandefficiency),BIMisacriticalelementinreducingindustrywaste,addingvaluetoindustryproducts,decreasingenvironmentaldamage,andincreasingthefunctionalperformanceofoccupants.ForewordNationalBuildingInformationModelingStandard™©2007NationalInstituteofBuildingSciences.Allrightsreserved.12/18/20072TheNationalBuildingInformationModelStandard™(NBIMS)isakeyelementtobuildingindustrytransformation.NBIMSestablishesstandarddefinitionsforbuildinginformationexchangestosupportcriticalbusinesscontextsusingstandardsemanticsandontologies.Implementedinsoftware,theStandardwillformthebasisfortheaccurateandefficientcommunicationandcommercethatareneededbythebuildingindustryandessentialtoindustrytransformations.Amongotherbenefits,theStandardwillhelpallparticipantsinfacilities-relatedprocessesachievemorereliableoutcomesfromcommercialagreements.Thus,thereisacriticalneedtoincreasetheefficiencyoftheconstructionprocess.Today’sinefficiencyisaprimarycauseofnon-valueaddedeffort,suchasre-typing(oftenwithanewsetoferrors)informationateachphaseoramongparticipantsduringthelifecycleofafacilityorfailingtoprovidefullandaccurateinformationfromdesignertoconstructor.WiththeimplementationofthisStandard,informationinteroperabilityandreliabilitywillimprovesignificantly.Standarddevelopmenthasalreadybegunandimplementableresultswillbeavailablesoon.BIMdevelopment,education,implementation,adoption,andunderstandingareintendedtoformacontinuousprocessingrainedevermoreintotheindustry.Success,intheformofanewparadigmforthebuildingconstructionindustry,willrequirethatindividualsandorganizationsstepuptocontributetoandparticipateincreatingandimplementingacommonBIMstandard.Eachofushasaresponsibilitytotakeactionnow.DavidA.Harris,FAIAPresidentNationalInstituteo