第1页共10页明仁教育一对一个性化教案学生姓名学生年级高一教师姓名授课日期月日授课时段课题必修四:Unit4V-ing做状语重点难点1.掌握V-ing做状语的用法2.现在分词作状语的类型及现在分词作状语的注意事项教学步骤及教学内容教学步骤及教学内容教学过程:(一).上次课作业检查与分析。(二).课前热身,检查学生对上堂课的掌握情况。(三).本次课教学内容:分词作状语的用法-ing形式作状语,可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。如:1.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.(伴随)2.HangWeiwenttoschool,takingatrain.(方式)3.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)4.Nothavingreceivedareply,wewroteagain.(原因)5.Heatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapor.(条件)注意:①-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。②-ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,if等连词。一、用作时间状语1.典型例句Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.见到猫,老鼠就跑了。Theworkfinished,hewenthome.工作做完后,他就回家了。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定),如上面两句也可转换成:When[Assoonas]themousesawthecat,itranoff.Aftertheworkwasfinished,hewenthome.3.高考实例When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared第2页共10页【分析】此题答案选C,分词短语whencomparingdifferentcultures相当于时间状语从句whenwecomparedifferentcultures。二、用作原因状语1.典型例句Beingveryweak,shecouldn'tmove.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。Hiscarbrokendown,hehadtowalk.他的车坏了,所以只好走路。Muchdiscouraged,shemovedontoBeijing.她很沮丧,搬到了伦敦。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as,because,since,nowthat等引导的原因状语从句,如上面三句也可转换成:Asshewasveryweak,shecouldn’tmove.Becausehiscarwasbrokendown,hehadtowalk.Becauseshewasmuchdiscouraged,shemovedontoBeijing.3.高考实例(1)_____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语facedwithsomuchtrouble可转换成原因状语从句becausewewerefacedwithsomuchtrouble。(2)____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork可转换成原因状语从句becauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork。三、用作条件状语1.典型例句Workinghard,youwillsucceed.如果努力工作,你就可以成功。Addingthemallup,wecanfindtheanswer.如果把它们加起来,我们就可以得到答案。United,westand;divided,wefall.团结则存,分裂则亡。Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.如果多给点时间,我们可以做得更好。第3页共10页2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句,如上面几句也可转换成:Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Ifweaddthemallup,wecanfindtheanswer.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.Ifwehadbeengivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.3.高考实例______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given【分析】答案选D。give与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,用过去分词,故选D。分词短语Giventime可转换成条件状语从顺Ifheisgiventime。四、用作让步状语1.典型例句Althoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课。Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.虽然被击败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though,although,nomatter…等引导的让步状语从句,如上面两句也可转换成:Althoughhelivedmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.Thoughthewasdefeated,heremainedapopularboxer.3.高考实例Nomatterhowfrequently_____,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformed【分析】答案选A。现在分词短语performed在此相当于theyareperformed。Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。第4页共10页五、用作伴随状语1.典型例句Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Don'tyousittheredoingnothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子。2.理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时,它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生,即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作,分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。3.高考实例(1)Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoing(2)Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,______meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought(3)Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always______thesamething.A.sayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid(4)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought六、用作方式状语1.典型例句Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.他靠开卡车谋取生。I'mreturningyouletterasrequested.我按要求给你退信。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成bydoingsth的结构,如上面第一句也可换成:Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.注:近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。第5页共10页七、用作结果状语1.典型例句Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了,打死了一个过路人。Hedied,leavinghiswifewithfivechildren.他死了,留下他妻子和五个儿子。Itrainedandrained,vehiclesboggedandbridgeswashedout.雨不停地下,车辆陷入泥沼,桥梁被水冲去。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时,通常可转换成并列句,如上面两句也可转换成:Hefiredandkilledoneofthepassers-by.Hediedandlefthiswifewithfivechildren.Itrainedandrained,andvehicleswereboggedandbridgeswerewashedout.3.高考实例(1)Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted【分析】答案选A,此句也可换成:Heglancedoveratherandnotedthatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.(2)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【分析】答案选B此句也可换成:Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyearandreachedarecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.鉴于以上分词的用法,我们一定要弄清分词的方方面面:一、弄清什么是分词的逻辑主语分词属非谓语动词,即不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。但是,分词作为动词的一种形式,它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语,即逻辑主语。如:Ioftenhearhimsingingthissong.我经常听他唱这首歌。(him是singing的逻辑语)Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.听到这消息,他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语)第6页共10页若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式,则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”。如:Ioftenhearthissongsung.我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(thissong是sung的逻辑主语,但是sing的逻辑宾语)Isawherbeingtakentotheoperatingroom.我看见她被送到手术室