高中英语必修5知识点[1]

高中英语必修5知识点[1].txt你无法改变别人，但你可以改变自己；你无法改变天气，但你可以改变心情；你无法改变生命长度，但你可以拓展它的宽度。高中英语必修5知识点词汇：Unit1:1.putforward:提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】?putaway:收起来；贮存，储蓄?putdown:放下；写下，记下?putoff:推迟；延期?puton:穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧?putup:张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g.putupaposter:张贴海报putupatent:搭起帐篷2.conclude:v.作结论，断定e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。conclusion:n.结论【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论3.defeatvt.打败,击败,战胜；使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。◆区别:defeat,conquer,overcome?defeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。?conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:e.g.conquernature征服自然。?overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,如:e.g.overcomedifficulties克服困难。4.attend:v.1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位医生护理你？3）togowith伴随e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。5.expose...to...e.g.Don'texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'sgunfire.他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。6.blamesb.forsth.因为某事责备某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:应受责备，应负责任Whoistoblameforthemistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相当于besides,what'smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.我又付了100元。InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。◆区别:inadditionto,except,besides,beside?inadditionto：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。?except:除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.?besides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与inadditionto同义，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。?beside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。【习惯用语】2）专心于★beabsorbedinsth:专心的，全神贯注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10.challengen.挑战;挑战书;邀请比赛;要求决斗vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面对严峻挑战Unit2:1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……组成(没有进行时）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.2.区别:?separate...from(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）?divide...into把…分开（把整体分为若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto连接【习惯用语】★linkAtoB将A和B连接起来6.referto1)提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)参考；查阅；询问e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)关系到；关乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.参考e.g.referencebooks参考书7.toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名词”表“令某人……”常见的名词有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+宾语＋宾补(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.?breakin闯入；打岔?breakoff中断，折断?breakinto闯入?breakout爆发;发生?breakup驱散；分散，拆散11.aswellas不仅…而且；既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.convenient:adj.13.attraction:1).吸引；引力(不可数n.)2).吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?attract:v.14.influence1)v.对…产生影响e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可数n.产生影响的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可数n.)影响e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印记；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错。Igottheimpressionthatth