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1高中英语语法复习学案教师片——形容词和副词形容词:修饰名词和代词，在句中可以做定语、表语、补语。副词：修饰形容词、动词、其他副词、介词短语和全句。基本用法(一)形容词作定语后置的情况：1.1)Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.2)Isthereanythingwrongwithyourcar?【总结】修饰由some-;any-;every-;no-和–body;-thing;-one构成的复合不定代词2.1)Pleaseputyourideaintothesimplestlanguagepossible.2)Thatistheonlysolutionpossible.3)Thatisthebestbookavailable.【总结】以–able或–ible结尾的形容词置于形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词之后3.1)Therewasahugeroom,simpleandbeautiful.2)Shehasmanypencils,blueandred.3)Allnations,bigorsmall,areequal.【总结】成对的形容词可以后置4.1)Peopleawareoftheirownshortcomingsarewise.2)Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.【总结】由“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时后置5.1)Therewasanancienttree30metershigh.2)Theyhaveachildthreeyearsold.3)Thesoldierscrossedariver4mileswide.【总结】当old;high;wide;long;deep等附有数量词的短语做定语时，表示量度的词后置【题组训练】1.---Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?---No,(Thereis)nothingnew.(没有新内容)2.Ihavesomethingimportant(一些重要事情)totellyou.3.Hedideverythingpossible(可以做的一切事情)tomakeherhappy.4.Wehavenoroomsavailable(可用的房间)foryou.5.Peopleinthevillage,oldandyoung(老的和少的),menandwomenarefondofsinginganddancing.【补充】1.形容词作前置定语和后置定语的不同含义1)theresponsibleman可信赖的人2)thepresentmembers现在的成员themanresponsible应该负责的人thememberspresent在场的成员3)theabsentstudents心不在焉的学生4)theconcernedteachers忧心忡忡的老师thestudentsabsent缺席的学生theteachersconcerned与……相关的老师5)theproperway适当的/正确的方法6)aninvolvedproblem一个难懂的问题thewayproper正经的/正式的方法aprobleminvolved一个相关的问题2.固定搭配1)He’sdead/blinddrunk(=verydrunk).酩酊大醉2)He’swideawake.完全没有睡意3)It’sraining/snowingheavily.雨/雪下得大4)He’ssound/fastasleep.睡得香5)Thetrafficisheavy.拥挤Hismoustacheisheavy.浓密6)He’smoving/breathing/smokingheavily.吃力地/喘着粗气地/多(二)多个形容词作定语的排列顺序限定描绘大长高；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料；作用类别往后靠。2【题组训练】1.Thelittlewhitewoodenhousesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedforyears.(white;wooden;little)2.Wespentthelastfewsunnydaysattheseaside.(few;sunny;last)3.ThisprettylittleSpanishgirlisLaura’scousin.(Spanish;little;pretty)4.ThefirstbeautifullittlewhiteChinesewoodenbridge.第一座美丽的中国小白木桥。(三)表语形容词：除了作表语，还可以做宾语补足语和后置定语：①以a-开头：afraid;alone;awake;asleep;alive;alike;ashamed;afloat…②表示健康状况或感觉反应：well;ill;glad;sorry;unable;worth;sure…【题组训练】1.交通事故发生后，司机依然活着。Thedriverisstillaliveafterthetrafficaccident.2.她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。Shewastheonlypersonawakethatnight.3.这座城市是一个值得参观的地方。Thecityisaplaceworthvisiting.4.他是最伟大的健在的诗人。Heisthegreatestpoetalive.5.我发现他在熟睡。Ifoundhimsound/fastasleep.(四)形容词作状语表示伴随或结果【题组训练】1.Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.(安然无恙)2.Thegoatrolledover,dead.(死了)3.Heisstandingthere,fulloffear.(充满了恐惧)(五)副词enough的用法【题组训练】1.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecourse(足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生)willcertainlylearnalotofusefulsills.2.Strangelyenough(很奇怪)somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.3.---Mary,look,whatdidIfind?---Oh,mylostkey?Ican’tthankyoumuchenough.4.---Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.---Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.5.Treesaregoodforman.Wecan’tplantthemtoomany.6.Inarelayrace,aplayercan’trunfastenough.(六)有些连词也可以作副词，常放在句末：though;(ever)since;incase【句型转换】1.Although/Thoughitwasahardjob,hetookit.=Itwasahardjob,hetookit,though.=Itwasahardjob,however,hetookit.2.Wehaven’theardfromhimsincehelefthometwoweeksago.=Helefthometwoweeksagoandwehaven’theardfromhimeversince.3.Iwilltakemyumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.=Idon’tthinkitwillrain,butIwilltakemyumbrellaincase.二、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）同级比较A.as…as…;notas/so…as…can’tsb.cannot+adj.+enoughcannever/hardly+too+adj.某人再……也不为过；越……越好3【题组训练】1.HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter.Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。=HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter.2.HenrydoesnothavesomanybooksasIhave.Henry的书不如我的多。=HenrydoesnothaveasmanybooksasIhave.3.Thebuildingis100meterstall.这栋楼有100米高。=Thebuildingisastallas100meters.B.貌似同级比较的固定习惯用语as/solongas只要；有……之久asfaras远到……地点；就……而言assoonas一……就……aswellas和……一样好；既……又……asgoodas(=verynearly)与……几乎一样；几乎；简直【题组训练】1.Hehasexperienceaswellasknowledge.2.Themanwaslyingontheground,asgoodasdead.3.AsfarasIknow,heisareliableperson.4.Iwillworkas/solongasIlive.5.Andassoonashebecamepresident,hethoughttheKoreanWartoanend.(二)比较级A．比较级的修饰语：rather;much;still;even;far;any（否定疑问句）；alot;alittle;agreatdeal;byfar;abit原级的修饰语：very;quite;rather;fairly;pretty最高级的修饰语：byfar;nearly;almostB.用比较级的句型结构1).Thelongeryoustay,thebetteritwillbe.2).Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.3).Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.4).SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.=SheisthreeinchestallerthanI.5).---Annactsquiteunfriendly.---Ithinkshe’smoreshythanunfriendly.【题组训练】1.Ifyoustudyhard,yourEnglishwillbecomebetterandbetter.如果你努力学习，你的英语会变得越来越好。2.Ilikethebiggeroneofthetwodictionaries.我喜欢这两本字典中较大的那本。3.Thisdeskislongerthanthatonebyonefoot.这张桌子比那张长一英尺。=Thisdeskisonefootlongerthanthatone.4.Themoreshethoughtaboutit,themoredepressedshebecame.她越想越沮丧。5.Heismoremyfriendthanmyteacher.与其说他是我的老师，不如说他是我的朋友。6.Mr.Greenhasbeenillforafewdays,Iwonderwhetherheisanybetter.格林先生病了好几天了，我想知道他是否好点了。C．比较的对象不能相互包含，常见句型是：anyother+单数名词all(the)other+复数名词比较级+than+anyoneelseanyoftheother+复数名词therestof+复数名词或不可数名词【注意】ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.anycountryinAfrica.【句型转换】4Sheistheclevereststudentinmyclass.=Sheisclevererthananyotherstudentinmyclass.=