高中英语语法大全

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高中英语语法大全词法第1章主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.二.相关知识点精讲1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were答案B.注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。2.主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当either...or...与neither...nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去,就是她去。Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划船。4.谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each,every时,谓语需用单数。例如:Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期来做准备。Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:Allisright.一切顺利。Allarepresent.人都到齐了。2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.他家成员不多。Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:Arethereanypolicearound?附近有警察吗?3)有些名词,如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。Thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词。Anumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1)用halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的钱化在书上了。Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2)用aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3)如manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethan...of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.许多人读过这本书。Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。三.巩固练习()1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were()2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play()3.______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are()4.Tenminutes______alongtimeforonewhowaits.A.seemB.seemsC.seemedD.areseemed()5.Ericistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____adrivinglicense.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving'()6.JoyandSorrow_____next-doorneighbours.A.isB.areC.wereD.be()7.Inmyopinion,someofthenews_____unbelievable.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.havebeen()8.When______theUnitedNationsfounded?A.isB.areC.wasD.were()9.Everypossiblemeans_____.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.wastriedD.weretried()10.Whatshesaysanddoes_____nothingtodowithme.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have()11.There_____adictionaryandseveralbooksonthedesk.A.areB.mustC.havebeenD.is()12.Nobody______seenthefilm.It'sapity.A.butTomandJackhaveB.exceptTomandJackhaveC.butmyfriendshasD.butIhave()13.Noteacherandnostudent______.A.areadmittedB.isadmittedC.areadmittingD.isadmitting()14.Allbutone______herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were()15.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided()16.Thewriterandsinger______here.A.isB.areC.wereD.do()17.AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes_____allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.A.areB.wasC.isD.were()18.InthosedaysJohnwithhisclassmates_____keptbusypreparingfortheexam.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()19.--____yourclothes?--No,mine_____hangingoverthere.A.Isit,isB.Arethese,areC.Isit,areD.Arethese,is()20.TheSmith'sfamily,which____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouses.A.were,wereB.was,wasC.were,wasD.was,were()21.Whattheteacherandthestudentswanttosay_____thateitherofthecountries____beautiful.A.are,areB.is,isC.are,isD.is,are()22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen()23._____ofmybrothersarereporters.Coveringevents,meetings,orsportsmeetings______theirduty.A.Each,areB.Both,isC.Neither,areD.None,is()24.--Whatdoyouthinkofthe______ofthecoat?--It'sratherhigh.Youcanbuyacheaperoneinthatshop.A.valueB.costC.priceD.use()25.--Arethetwoanswerscorrect?--No,______correct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