高中英语语法重点难点回顾

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选校网主谓一致常考难题:Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Thegirl'steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.A(great)numberof修饰可数复数名词,谓语动词用复数;agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2one(a)half1/4one(a)quarter2.形容词的顺序:系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtable某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly,timely等。1)close接近地closely仔细地,密切地2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地3)hard努力地hardly几乎不4)late晚,迟lately近来5)most极,非常mostly主要地6)wide广阔地,充分地widely广泛地7)high高highly高度地,非常地8)deep深,迟deeply抽象意义的“深”9)loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近nearly几乎3.比较级,最高级表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示:Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.选校网专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等修饰:Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。superior,junior,senior等。HeissuperiortoMr.Wanginmathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。例如:Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthatonthedesk.Aboxmadeofironisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,width,etc)ofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,wide,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,wider)thanB.例如:Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。表示两倍可以用twice或double。表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。4.so,such如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such。如:I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.Mr.Whitegotsolittlemoneyamonththathecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatthetheycannotcleanthehousebythemselves.5.almost与nearly在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。例如:I'mnotnearlyready.在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly。例如:Ialmostneverseeher.6.情态动词need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto或should代替。例如:Youneedn'tcomesoearly.NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,youmust.注意:needn'thavedone“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如:Youneedn'thavewaitedforme.“shouldhavedone”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。Youshouldhavestartedearlier.“oughttohavedone”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。Yououghttohavehelpedhim(butyoudidn't)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have,be,hear,see,like等词一般不用进行时。7.主动结构表被动选校网专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如:Theclothwasheswell.这布很经洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。Thepenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。8.虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如:Wesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如:Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisesfirst.9.+to在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo.10.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如:Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.There/Itisnouse/good/notanyuse/good/uselessdoingsth.10.动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能

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