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1长难句分析一、长难句的分类1、带有较多成分的简单句。如：Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如：Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale，hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.Discrimination(歧视)isn’ttheironlyconcern；almosteveryonetestingpositivefortheHuntington’sgene(基因)developssymptoms(症状)duringmiddleage，anddoctorscandonothingtohelp.3、含有多个从句的复合句。如：Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生的)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective(预期的)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如：Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（无知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.5、并列复合句。如：Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.Theyalsofoundthatthebusconductorhadamajorroleinpreventingvandalism（故意破坏行为），andatthetimeshewentupthestairstotheupperdecktocollectfares，vandalismdidnotoften2occur.二、长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。三、长难句分析的注意事项在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：1、是否有同位语和插入语。2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。3、替代词的所指对象。4、判断并列成分的层次。5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。3练习：1.Canadahasvastareasofwilderness,fromtheArcticnorth,whereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigrade,tothe8,892-kilometre-longborderwiththeUSAtothesouth,whichisthelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolice.2.Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,Parisbeingthelargest.3.Asamodern,dynamiccity,Montrealhasalivelynightscene,withmanyrestaurantsandclubs,aswellasculturalandstreetfestivalstoensurethatnovisitoriseverbored.4.Italsohassuperbscenery,abeautifulharbour,andallthecomfortsofmodernlifeandinternationalcuisine,inadditiontobeingclosetosomeverypopularskiareas.5.Thewaterfalls,thelargestofwhichisshapedlikeasemicircle,are670metreswide,andfall56metresinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.6.Althoughonlyahandfulofpeoplebecamesuccessful,manystayedandbuiltsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.7.Indeed,sittinginfrontofthetelevisionwatchingasportsevent,withadrinkinonehandandsomefastfoodintheother,isverycommoninAustralia.8.Anotherpopularsport,cricket,isoriginallyfromtheUK,andhasbeenexportedtoandfollowedincountriesinfluencedbyit,suchasAustralia,India,Pakistan,KenyaandSouthAfrica.9.Ithinkthatwhatthatstudentwroteontheblackboardwaswrong.410.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.(2009江苏)11.IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.12.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill，inBedfordshire，andthoughtthathemusthavetriedthehareinaplaceheknewwell，buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773．13.ItisdifficulttomeasurethequantityofpaperusedasaresultofuseofInternet-connectedcomputers,althoughjustaboutanyonewhoworksinanofficecantellyouthatwhene-mailisintroduced,theprintersstartworkingovertime.Thatis,thegrowingdemandforpaperinrecentyearsislargelyduetotheincreaseduseoftheInternet.