断面间的水头损失。方向。并计算水流经两试判断水在管中的流动。点流速,点压强点压强水在管中流动时,。,大管直径直径前后相连所组成,小管管路由不同直径的两管smuBmkNPBmkNPAmdmdBBABA/1/40,/704.02.0221-20解:假设水由A流向B,且为紊流,根据伯努力方程有:221222AABBAB1ABpupuZZhgggg121由连续性方程有:AABBuAuA由题:270/APkNm240/BPkNm1/Bums1mB取A点所在的面为基准面,则有Z,将值代入以上两式中:2210.44/0.2BBAAuAumsA22()2ABAB1ABABppuuhZZgg33227010401041(01)3.82010009.829.8m5640.13.051020001.3110AAAuDRe此时,,为紊流,与假设相符5610.21.531020001.3110BBBuDRe,为紊流,也与假设相符。所以,假设成立,水在管中是从A点流向B点,且两断面间的水头损失为3.82m31.6水由图中喷嘴流出,管嘴出口75dmm,补考虑损失,其它数据见图,计算H值(以m计),p值(以2/kNm计)。解:由伯努利方程,忽略阻力损失:对0-0面与3-3面,取3-3面中心线为基准面有:2200330322PvPvHHgggg其中:0HH,30H,030PP,00v,得:232vHg对1-1面与2-2面,取2-2面中心线为基准面有:2211221222PvPvHHgggg121HHZ2211221()2gZPPvv1-21对p-p面与3-3面,取3-3面中心线为基准面有:2233322pppPvPvHHgggg式中:30pHH,pPP,30P,2pvv,得:22322vvP由连续性方程有:112233vAvAvA222112233111444dvdvdv带入数据得:120.64vv3216/9vv由静力学定律可得:11222g(0.175)g0.175gPZZPZ水银即:112g0.175gg0.175ZPP水银28.64/vms222331611.79229vvHmgg222222243216()98.061022vvvvPPa51.7油沿管线流动,A断面流速为2/ms,不计损失,求开口C管中的液面高度(其它数据见图)。解:由题,根据连续性方程:AABBuAuA2220.154.5/0.1AABBuAumsA取B点为基准点,由题,满足伯努利方程,忽略阻力损失,有:221222AABBABpupuZZgggg取题1所得油的粘性系数:20.15320000.1AAAuDRe4.50.156.7520000.1BBBuDRe所以均为层流:2AB1-220水沿管线下流,若压力计的读书相同,求需要的小管直径d,不计损失。1-27解:1122uAuA根据连续性方程2121122220000.040.123/ADuuumsAddd621.010/ms水的粘性系数531630.2Re6102101.010uD221122122112024022910.1230220.129/30.12122upupHHggggppgggdgdmgg1.0所以,水沿管线的流动为紊流,动能修正系数,根据总流伯努力方程,不计阻力损失: