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WORD格式整理专业知识分享高一英语高一英语-----语法Grammar:定语从句(AttributiveClauses)Handsomeboys=theboyswhoarehandsomeBeautifulflowers=theflowerswhicharebeautiful定义：定语从句(AttributiveClauses)：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who,which,that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。一．关系代词以及基本用法关系代词指示对象作用例句That人.物主.（宾）ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn.回答问题的学生是约翰。Thebook（that）youlentmewasinteresting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。Which物主.（宾）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.Who人主.（宾）Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.Theman（who）youmetjustnowismyfriend.Whom人（宾）Theman（whom）youmetjustnowismyfriend.你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr.Lingisjusttheboy（whom）Iwanttosee.凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人.物定Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.注意一：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词whenwhere和why互换。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at/during+whichwhy=forwhichwhose=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+ofwhich/whom例如：1.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。=ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub？3.Thetourists,ofwhomtheeldestis70(theeldestofwhomis70),arefromSingapore.WORD格式整理专业知识分享Isawthreefilmsthismonth,twoofwhichwereveryinteresting.Thereason(which/that)he’sabsentfromthemeetingforisnotclear.=Thereasonforwhich/whyhe’sabsentfromthemeetingisnotclear.4）whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，只用whom例如：Doyouknowtheman(whom/who/that)theteacheristalkingto?=Doyouknowthemantowhomtheteacheristalking?Sheistheperson(whom/who/that)youshouldturntoforhelp.=Sheisthepersontowhomyoushouldturnforhelp5)Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语)(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover)isgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。6).先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句,如：as...as；so...as；such...as；thesame+名词+as。Youcanbuyasmanybooksasyouwantinthisbookstore.(as作want的宾语)SuchcomputersasareusedinourofficearemadeinSouthKorea.(as作定语从句的主语)ThisjewelisthesameoneasIshowedyoutheotherday.(as作showed的直接宾语)ThisjewelisthesameonethatIshowedyoutheotherday.(that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“thesame+名词+as”与“thesame+名词+that”的区别。(1)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(2)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句such…as…与结果状语从句such…that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分(3)HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.(4)HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.7).先行词有比较级修饰时用than；先行词有否定词修饰时用but，表示双重否定，此时的but=who/which/that...not...Mymotheralwaysgivesmemoremoneythanisneeded.(than作定语从句主语)Thisyear,thefarmershaveharvestedmoregrainthanwasexpected.(than作定语从句主语)Thereisnotastudentbutwantstogotouniversity.=Thereisnotastudentwho/thatdoesn’twanttogotouniversity.(but作定语从句主语)练习选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。(thatwhichwhowhosewhom)1..Doyouseethebridge----------wasbuiltlastyear2...Thenurse_________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.3...Theoldgentleman__________youmetjustnowisafamouswriter.4...Thegirlto______Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.5...Shewasthebravegirl__________nameisknowntoeverybody.注意二：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which1）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.（作宾语可省略）Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthatwehavevisited.2）先行词被thevery，theonlythesame,thelast等修饰时，例如：ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.（作宾语，可省略）WORD格式整理专业知识分享Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastowaitpatiently.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：Thefirstthingthatwedointhemorningistocleantheclassroom.（作宾语，可省略）Thisisthethirdlargestcitythatwasfoundedinthe1980s.（作主语）4）当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时.Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.5）当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6)、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：Heisnottheboythatheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.8).当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which、注意三：宜用which而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2.在关系词前有介词时。ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3.当先行词本身是that时。Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.二．关系副词：关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyouThetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.Where地点状语ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddownShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Why原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhich（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭