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-1-学校导学案编号：1001—08年级：高一学科：英语执笔：审核：课题:必修一Module4Grammar共2课时一、学习目标：掌握现在完成时用法二、预习指导：1．现在完成时的构成肯定式have/has+过去分词否定式have/hasnot+过去分词疑问式have/has+主语+过去分词2．现在完成时的用法①表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：—Haveyouhadlunchyet?____________________________________________—Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.____________________________________________②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）Ihaven’tseenherforfouryears.________________________________3.现在完成时用法总结⑴与时间状语sofar,tillnow,uptonow,for+一段时间,before,ever,never,recently,just,already,yet等时间状语的句子中,谓语常用现在完成时.Ihaveplantedfourteentreessofar.__________________________________________HaveyoueverbeentoEuropebefore?________________________________________IhavelearnedEnglishforthreeyears.________________________________________ShehasnotyetstudiedFrenchwell._________________________________________⑵用在特定句型中ⅰThis/Itisthefirst/second…/lasttime(that)…”that常省略,表示“这是某人第几次做某事”常常用完成时态.如果主句用一般现在时,从句用现在完成时。主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。ItisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenthefilm._______________________________ItismyfirsttimethatIhavebeentoShanghai.____________________________ItwasthefirsttimeIhadseenafantasyfilm.______________________________ⅱItis/hasbeen…since…句型中,主句常用现在完成时,但since从句用一般过去时.IthasbeenthreeyearssinceshegraduatedfromBeijingUniversity._____________________________________________________ⅲ被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句中，一般用完成时态。ThisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI’vebeento.___________________________________________________________________ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodI’veevereaten.___________________________________________________________________她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘__________________________________________⑶与时间状语inthepast连用时,谓语常用过去时,而与in/over/duringthepast/last+数词+时间名词连用时常用现在完成时.Inthepastthreeyears,wehavestayedtogetherallthetime.__________________________________________________________________Inthepastcentury,soccerhasbecomethemostpopularsportintheworld._________________________________________________________________⑷也有一些句子无明显的时间状语,也要用现在完成时,此时要根据上下文的意思来判断.Haveyoupassedyourdrivingtest?__________________________________________________________________4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去：I’velivedherefortenyears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)Hehasboughtahouse.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)Heboughtahousetenyearsago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)NOTE注意几点.-2-1.英语中的动词按照动作发生时间的长短可以分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。前者包括keep,lie,live,read,sleep,stand,stand,stay,wait,walk,workandsoon.后者包括arrive,begin,borrow,buy,close,come,getto,go,put,open,reachandsoon.2.现在完成时的句子中,当出现表示“一段时间”的状语时,如forthreeyears,inthepastthreeyears,since2005,谓语只能是延续性动词.Shehasworkedinthatfactoryforfiveyears.___________________________________HehaslivedinShenzhensince2002._________________________________________3.非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成.它不能跟段时间.但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.TomhasleftBeijingforGuangzhou.__________________________________________Hehasborrowedapenfromme.____________________________________________Tomhasn’tleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004._______________________________________________________________________Theyhaven’tboughtanynewfurnituresincetheymovedtoShanghai._______________________________________________________________________4.havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.__________________________________________HehasgonetoBeijing.________________________________________________5.如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.____________________________________三学习策略：1.收集信息渠道：教材，词典，参考书，英语辅导报。2.解决问题方法：善用工具书独立预习，组内讨论完善补充信息。四．预习体会：1.同学们在查找单词短语中遇到什么困难了吗？2还有其他的生词或知识点需要补充吗？五．高考链接1.(06辽宁)ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards______forentertainmentandeducation.A.werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesigned2.(07福建)Danny______hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.worked3.(07上海)Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______inthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered4.(07湖南卷)CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________Englishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.(07江西)──Ihavegotaheadache.──Nowonder.You____infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked6.(08福建)Sofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen7.(08陕西)──Didyougototheshowlastnight?──Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea____invitedA.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was8.(08重庆)Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe____inRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet9.(09上海)Notonce___hisclassmateDavidsincetheygraduatedfromhighschool.A.hehasmetB.hashemetC.hehadmetD.hadhemet六、学习反思：班级：学习者签字：指导者签字：年月日