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Unit1GoodFriends一、语法DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。eg:IbrokeyourCDplayer.(一般过去时改成过去完成时)HetoldmehehadbrokenmyCDplayer.Jennysaid,Ihavelostabook.(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jennysaidshehadlostabook.Mumsaid,I’llgotoseeafriend.(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mumsaidshewouldgotoseeafriend.Hesaid,Wehadn'tfinishedourhomework.(过去完成时保留原有的时态)Hesaidtheyhadn'tfinishedtheirhomework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。2.在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Marysaid,Mybrotherisanengineer.Marysaidherbrotherwasandengineer.3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：Hesaid,Canyourun,Mike?HeaskedMikewhether/ifhecouldrun.4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth”句型。如：Passmethewater,please.saidhe.Heaskedhimtopassherthewater.5.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：Shesaid,Let’sgotothecinema.Shesuggestedgoingtothecinema.(或Shesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.)二、聚焦高频考点1.倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用so+谓语+主语，意为“某人也……”。如：Shelikesdogs.SodoI.前句为否定句，后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语，意为“某人也不……”。如：Thegirlhasnobrothersorsisters.Neither/NorhaveI.2.lonely,alone和lonealone=byoneself,withoutotherslonely=unhappybecauseoneisalwaysawayfromhisfamilyorfriends，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的“孤独”“寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。lone也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个”，作定语。eg:I'malonebutI'mnotlonely.Icanseeonlyonelonestarinthecloudysky.leavesthalone表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如：Leavemealone!别理我!Letalone“更不用说”。如：Hecan'tspeakJapanese,letalonewriteit.作形容词时，alone不能与very连用,而与much连用，即说muchalone或verymuchalone或allalone；而lonely可与very连用：verylonely.3.treatsb.as...把某人当作……来对待Theoldmantreatedtheorphanashisownson.“把某人看作……”有以下几种说法：regardsbas...=considersbas...=thinkofsbas...“把……误当作……”:take...for...如：Peoplesometimestakearopeforasnake.4.careabout表示“关心，计较，在乎”，一般用于否定句。如：Idon'tcareaboutgoingtothecinema.carefor表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如：Shecaredmorefornewclothesthanforanythingelse.5.makefriendswithsb.和……人交朋友。如：Wehavemadealotoffriendswiththedifferentpeopleallovertheworld.6.huntfor“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下，lookfor与searchfor或huntfor互换。如：Ihuntedforthemissingbookeverywhere.beafter表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：That'swhatIamafter.7.suchas用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与like互换，但suchas用于列举时可分开使用。而forexample一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。Mybrotherlikescollectingdifferentkindsofthings,suchascoins,books.三、常用词语和句型1.beintosth.对……感兴趣，非常喜欢……(非正式英语)eg:I'mnotintoclassicalmusic.2.befondof酷爱，非常喜欢，与enjoy相近，比like感情强。eg:Inhislife,heisfondofEnglish.3.boring主语为物，如：Thebookisboring.bored主语为人，如：Heisbored.4.survive幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。Hesurvivedthetrafficaccident.Onlythreehundredhousessurvivedtheearthquakeinthatcity.survive作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。Thecustomstillsurvivesinthatsmallvillage.四、日常交际用语Hithere.I'mJoe.Ienjoysinging.IhatehikingandI'mnotintoclassicalmusic.I'mfondofdancing.I'm(not)surethat...Perhaps...He/Shethinksthat...isboring/terrible.Unit2Englisharoundtheworld一、语法DirectandIndirectSpeech(2)不定式在间接引语中的运用祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ask/tell/order等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用tell/order;若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词not,即tell/ordersb.nottodosth.如：Don'tsmokeintheroom,hesaid.Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用ask，如：Pleasegivethebirdcleanwatereveryday.Myfriendsaid.Myfriendaskedmetogivethebirdcleanwatereveryday.Couldyouhelpmewithmyhomework?shesaid.Sheaskedmetohelpherwithherhomework.当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如：Whenshallwestart?heasked.Hewantedtoknowwhentostart.二、聚焦高频考点1.agreat/goodmany+可数名词的复数形式，如：ThereareagreatmanyIndianwordsinAmericanEnglish.anumberof+可数名词的复数形式，如：Anumberofteachersandstudentstakeanactivepartinthematch.thenumberof中的number指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：ThenumberoftheDoctorandMastersinthisprimaryschoolisonly20.2.exceptfor,except,besides,but,butfor用法区别exceptfor用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。eg:Theessayisgenerallygoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.butfor=without表示“要不是……”。一般放在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：ButfortheParty,wewouldnevergetagoodlife.except和besides用于肯定句时，except表示“除……之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”强调还包括的部分。如：WeallwenthikingexceptJack.(Jack不去)WeallwenthikingbesidesJack.(Jack也去)except,besides,but用于否定句时可互换，如：Nobodycouldgetthecertificationexcept/besides/butyou.谓语是do时，except/but后的不定式省去to.如：Hedidnothingbut/exceptstayathomeallday.But前没有do时，but后不定式要带to，如：Wehavenochoicebuttowait.3.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况1)先行词是all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。如：ThatisallthatIwanttotellyou.2)先行词被all,few,any,every,little,no,some修饰时。如：Ihavefinishedeverybook(that)myteacherlentme.3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：Thesecondlessonthatshelearnedwillneverbeforgotten.4)先行词被only,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时，如：HeistheonlyonethatIwanttosee.5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：Weweretalkingofthingsandpersonsthatwerememberedintheliberatedarea.4.as作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：Asweallknow,Englishisspokenallaroundtheworld.(as作宾语)Asisknowntoall,thereisnoghostintheworld.(as作主语)5.助动词do使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：InthesamewayAmericansusetheexpressionIguessjustastheBritishdid(这里的did替代前面的usedtheexpression“Iguess”)30yearsago.6.主语+have+(no,little,some,much,great,...)difficulty/troubleindoingsth.做某事有困难/麻烦。如：Ihavenodifficultyingettingajob.三、常用词语和句型1.Moreorless多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分eg:Ihopehecangiveyoumoreorlesshelp.T