搜索
非谓语动词一一、、动动词词不不定定式式一一））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作主主语语TToosseeeeoonneettiimmeeisbetterthanttoohheeaarraahhuunnddrreeddttiimmeess.TTooppeerrsseevveerreemeansvictory!注注①①：：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasurettoobbeehheerree.Itisnotaneasythingttoommaasstteerraallaanngguuaaggee.注注②②：：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：Ittookusfivehoursttooggeetttthheerree.Itmadeusveryangryttoohheeaarrhhiimmttaallkklliikkeetthhaatt.注注③③：：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示，如：Itisnothardffoorroonneetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultffoorrmmeetodothework.注注④④：：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：It’skindooffyyoouutothinksomuchofus.It’sveryniceooffyyoouutobesoconsiderate.二二））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作表表语语1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2．主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：Myideaisttoocclliimmbbtthheemmoouunnttaaiinnffrroommtthheennoorrtthh.Yourmistakewasnnoottttoowwrriitteetthhaattlleetttteerr.Mysuggestionisttoossttaarrttwwoorrkkaattoonnccee.注注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词ddoo时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“ttoo”，Allwehavetodoisppuusshhtthheebbuuttttoonn.TheonlythingIcandonowisggoooonnbbyymmyysseellff.AllIcoulddowassseennddhhiimmaatteelleeggrraamm.三三））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作动动词词宾宾语语1．“动动词词++带带ttoo的的不不定定式式结结构构”。这类动词常见的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：I’vearrangedttoommeeeetthhiimmaatttteennoo’’cclloocckk.Ididn’texpectttooffiinnddyyoouuhheerree.2．“动动词词++疑疑问问词词++带带ttoo的的不不定定式式结结构构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why除外），如：Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere..注注意意不不定定式式符符号号的的省省略略问问题题！！四四））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作定定语语1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：It’stimettooggoottoobbeedd.Heisnotamanttoobboowwbbeeffoorreeddiiffffiiccuullttiieess.Haveyouanythingttooddeeccllaarree?Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingsttooaatttteennddintheevening.Iwanttogetsomethingttoorreeaaddduringthevocation.2．能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：Idon’twishtoquarrelwithyou.→→Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.Theywillattempttocrosstherivertonight.→→Theywillmakeanotherattempttocrosstherivertonight.Shepromisednottodothatagain.→→Shemadeapromisenottodothatagain.3．某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：Hewasobviouslyanxioustogo.→→Hisanxietytogowasobvious.4．不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：Hehasalargefamilytosupport(=thathemustsupport).五五））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作状状语语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目目的的、、原原因因、、结结果果、、条条件件等。11．．表表示示目目的的：：Theyranoverttoowweellccoommeetthheeddeelleeggaatteess.Heboughtabicyclettooggoottoottoowwnnmmoorreeqquuiicckkllyy.Hewenthomettoosseeeehhiissmmootthheerr.22..表表示示结结果果：：WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.不不定定式式结结构构表表示示结结果果更更常常见见于于下下列列句句型型：：①①ssoo……aassttoo……Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?②②ssuucchh((……))aassttoo……I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.③③eennoouugghhttoo……Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.④④ttoooo……ttoo……Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.〖〖oonnllyyttoo〗〗不定式之前有时可以加上only或butonly，以加强语气，如：Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.33..表表示示原原因因：：（（不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作先先于于谓谓语语动动词词的的动动作作））Shewepttohearthenews.Ipretendtobehappytoknowhim.Helaughedtoseesuchfun.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.六六））、、不不定定式式结结构构作作宾宾语语补补足足语语Don’tforceyourselfttoowwrriitteewhenyouhavenothingtosay.七七））、、不不定定式式的的完完成成式式有有下下列列用用法法1．构成复合谓语，如：Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)2．在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语，如：Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.(=I’msorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.3．在某些动词后作宾语，如：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.4．有时还可以作主语、定语或构成复合宾语，如：Itwasagreatsatisfactiontohaverevisitedournativevillage.（主语）Soyouaretheonetohavecleanedalltheserooms.（定语）Theythoughtitapitynottohaveinvitedher.（复合宾语）Shefeltitanhonourtohavetakenpartinthework.（复合宾语）如如果果主主要要谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作（（或或情情况况））发发生生时时，，不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作正正在在进进行行，，这这时时，，不不定定式式就就要要用用进进行行式式。。八八））、、不不定定式式的的进进行行式式主主要要有有下下列列几几种种用用法法1．构成复合谓语，如：Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.2．在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如：Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.3．在某些动词后作宾语，如：Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.4．有时可以作主语或状语，如：Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.(状语)It’sniceofyoutobethinkingofus.(主语)九九））、、如如果果不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的时时间间之之前前一一直直在在进进行行，，就就需需要要用用完完成成进进行行式式，，如如：：TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan.Shewishedtohavebeentrainingashardastheothers