2013年新考纲高考必备词汇详解(二)guarantee.n①保证;保证书;②保证人;vt.保证;担保:61.guard.n.警戒;警卫;戒备vt.警卫;保卫;保护keepuard放哨;守望offguard不值班onguard值班;62.guard…against/from…保护……以防……/pretect…from/defend…from/against63.guessariddle猜中谜语64.guidance.n.指引;指导;领导:abookfortheguidance0fbeginnersinEnglish指导初学英语者的书65.guide.n.①向导;导游;指导者②指南;入门;手册②指导;引导:aguideto….指南/手册66.guilty.adj.内疚的:aguiltylook内疚的神色。有罪的;犯罪的Heisguiltyofmarder.他犯有谋杀罪。beguiltyfor对…内疚beguiltyof有…罪67.guitar.n.吉他:playtheguitar弹吉他68.gum.n.体操;体育馆;健身房★1.habit.n习惯;bein/havea/thehabitof...有……的习惯breakoff/awayfromthehabitof…改掉……习惯getridofthehabitof...改掉……的习惯getintothehabitof…染上……的习惯develop/form/fallintothehabitof…养成……的习惯pickupthehabitof染上……的恶习2.hair.n.①[u]头发:greyhair灰白的头发。②[c](一根)头发doupone’shair梳理头发;haircut.n.理发:.haveahaircut理发3.half.adj.一半的:n.[c](p1.halves)半,一半:cuttheappleinhalf/intohalves把苹果切成两半(1)halfanhour和ahalfhour表示“半小时”。(2)anhourandahalf和oneandahalfhours都表示“一个半小时’’4.hall.n.大厅,礼堂5.ham.n.火腿6.hamburger.n.汉堡包7.hammer.n.(p1.hammers)铁锤;木槌;8.hand.n.①手:leadsb.bythehand拉着某人的手带路。②(钟表)指针:theminutehand分针。③人手;人员;工人:allhands全体人员/agreenhand生手/Thefactoryisshortofhands.这个工厂缺人④方面:onallhands在各方面。vt.①传递;交给:athand①在手边,在附近②即将来临inhand手上;控制住onhand手头(有…);在场,到场byhand靠手工handback交还[同]returnhanddown把……传下来handin上交,递交handon…把……传给他人handout分发=giveout=sendouthandover移交handinhand联合,并进,手拉手地outofhand失去控制9.handbag.手袋10.handful.n.一把,少数;少量:ahandfulof少量的11.handkerchief.n.(pl.handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)手帕,手绢.12.handle.n.①把手;vt.①对付;处理:③解决13.handsome.adj.英俊的14.handwriting.n书法,15.handy.adj.在手边的,方便的★16.hang.v.①悬挂,吊着(hung,hung):②绞死,吊死(hanged,hanged):hangabout闲逛,徘徊;流浪hangon①紧握不放;②坚持下去;③(打电话)稍等;别挂断hangonto紧紧抓住;坚持;保留hangup①把…·一挂起来;②挂断电话;hangabout=wanderabouthang--hung,hung(吊;悬挂)不规则动词hang--hanged,hanged(吊死;绞死)规则动词17.happen/vi.①(偶然)发生②碰巧(后接不定式)happentodo…碰巧做……Ithappenedthat…happentosbhappen,takeplace与occurhappen意为“发生”,含有“偶然”的意思。指意外事故的发生。takeplace意为“发生,举行”,常用来指按计划发生的事,不可用于被动语态中。occur意为“发生,出现”,较正式用词,可指事情偶然地发生或思想突然浮上心头,可用于具体的或抽象的事物。occurto有“想、起”的意思。Itoccurredtosbthat/Itstrucksbthat…18.happiness.n.幸福;愉快:happy.(adv.happily)adj.behappywithsb.对某人满意/bepleasedwith/besatisfiedwith/becontentwith19.harbour.n.海港20.hard.adj.①硬的([反]soft):ashardasrock坚如磐石。②困难的([反]easy):③强烈的;激烈的;猛烈的:ahardstorm④辛苦的;艰苦的;艰难的:haveahardtime受苦受难。⑤严厉的;苛刻的:ahardfatheradv.①努力地:workhard努力工作。②猛烈地:Itrainedhard.天下着大雨。③困难地:breathehard呼吸困难behardon…对……苛刻ahardtime艰难的时光behardatwork刻苦工作harden.v.(使)变硬;.(使)变得坚强.21.hardly.adv.几乎不.仅提示(1)当hardly置于句首时要用部分倒装形式。(rarely,barely,seldom等)(2)“Hardlyhad+主语+过去分词…when…”表示“一……就……”/sooner…than…22.hardship.n.困苦,艰难:bearhardshipssuchascold,hungerandsickness忍受寒冷、饥饿、疾病等困苦23.hard-working.adj.努力的24.harm.n.[u]伤害,损害:doharmto损害,伤害→(反)dogoodtodosb.harm对某人有害harmful.adj.有害的(反harmless):smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.吸烟有害健康。beharmfulto…25.harmony.n.协调,融洽:inharmonywith...与…协调/一致26.harvest.n.收成,收获:agoodharvest好的收成。vt.收割,收获:harvestcrops收割庄稼27.hatch.n.&vi.孵化:hatchchickens孵小鸡28.hate.vt.憎恨;不愿;不喜欢hatetodosth.不愿意做某事hatedoingsth.(经常性)不喜欢做某事hateful可恨的/hatred.n憎恨,厌恶29.have.vt①有,拥有②吃,喝:haveacupoftea喝一杯茶。③进行,从事:havea.meeting开会。④享有:haveaholiday度假。⑥使;叫;havesb/sthdo/doing/donehave/make/let/get辨析havegotto;haveto不得不haveon穿着,戴着[同]wearhaveaswim游泳30.healthy.adj.健康的:keephealthy保持身体健康。keepahealthydiethealthful与healthyhealthful指有益健康的物ahealthfulfood有益健康的食物healthy指健康的(人):Heishealthy.他很健康。31.hear./see/watch/listentosbdo/doing/donehearabout/of听说hearfromsb.收到某人的来信=receivealetterfromsb32.hearing.n.听力,听觉’33.atheart在心里;实质上learnsth.byheart记住,背下来heartandsoul全心全意地loseheart失去勇气/信心takeheart鼓足勇气,振作起来withallone’sheart全心全意地havethehearttod0有勇气做breaksb.’sheart使某人很伤心inone’sheartofhearts在内心深处loseone’sheartto…爱上……putone’sheartinto...用全部精力去做……34.heat.n.热:Thesungivesusheatandlight.太阳给予我们光和热。[u]热烈;激烈:intheheatofadebate在辩论激烈的时候。35.heavy.adj.①重的②猛烈的③大量的:heavytraffic流量大的交通。④(天气)阴沉的:aheavysky阴沉的天空36.height.n.①高度inheight高度上ataheightof...在……的高度37.help.n.①[u]帮助②帮手;vt.①帮助.②使进食,款待:Helpyourselftosomefish.随便吃些鱼③阻止:Ican’thelpit.我无能为力。vi.有帮助,有用:Thisbookhelpsalot.这本书很有用。helpsb。(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事help(to)dosth….有助于……helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事helpsb.out帮某人摆脱困境can’thelpdoing…禁不住……can’thelpbutdo…不得不做……can’thelp(to)do…不能帮忙做”·…helpful.adj.有帮助的,有益的Thesebooksarehelpfultome.这些书对我有帮助。38.hero.n.(p1.heroes)①(男)英雄②(小说、戏剧中的)男主角;heroicadj.英雄的;英勇的归类记忆卡片加-es加-sheroes英雄Negroes黑人potatoes土豆tomatoes西红柿radios收音机zoos动物园bamboos竹竿pianos钢琴39.hesitate.vi.犹豫;不愿hesitateindoing…犹豫做……hesitateaboutdoing…犹豫做……hesitatetodo…不愿做……40.hesitation.n犹豫,踌躇41.hide.v隐藏:(hid;hidden)behidden被隐藏+sphidesth.fromsb.把某事瞒着某人42.high.adj.①高的②(程度方面)高度的:ahighspeed高速度。③(声音方面)高的;尖的:speakinahighvoice说话声音尖。adv.①高高地提示high和highly均可作副词,但用法不同。(1)high作副词,指具体的“高”,常修饰动词。(2)highly指抽象概念的“高”,等于very(much),修饰作形容词性的分词或用在一些常见搭配中。43.highway.n公路,大路44.hill.n.小山45.hire.n.租用,雇用;租金vt.①租用②雇用辨析hire,rent与employhire指按工作量或时间雇用人,也指租用物体、车、船等。rent指长期租赁土地、房屋等。employ指商店或公司长期雇用人。46.history.n.①历史;历史学:Chinesehistory中国历史/inhistory在历史上。historic.adj.历史上著名的;具有重大历史意义的/historicaladj.历史上的;史学的historic与historicalhistoric为形容词,指“具有历史意义的”和“历史上著名的”,表达前一种意义时,可作表语、定语;表达后以种意义时,只作定语,修饰mo-ment,occasion,document,talk,speech,town,building,city。historical为