搜索
被动语态被动语态中主动表被动一、观察下面句子，完成下表。1.ColorfulposterswereprintedinSanFranciscointhe1960stopublicizerockshows.2.Scientistssaythatworkisdonewheneveraforcemoves.3.Afterwar,everythinghadbeendestroyed.4.AgreaternumberofmagicEnglishbookswillbepublishednextyear.5.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeheldnextweek.6.NewnatureparksarenotbeingstartedinChina.7.AnewHopeSchoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.8.Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.9.Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriving.10.Wewereshockedbythenewsofhisdeath.11.Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.12.TheoldprofessorgavealectureonAmericanhistoryandwaswellreceived.13.IwasshownroundtheschoolcampusbySean，whohadenteredtheschooljustayearbefore.14.You’vebeentoldmanytimesnottomakethesamemistake.15.Everybodyisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.16.Thecontrolroommaynotbeenteredwithoutpermission.17.Thefilmiscoatedwithlight-sensitivechemicals,whicharechangedbythedifferentshades英语中主动语态形式并不都表示主动意义，有时可表示被动意义，因为被动语态不如主动语态用得普遍，在不引起误解的情况下，可用主动语态表示被动意义。常见的有以下几种情况。一、某些表示状态特征的系动词，例如：look,sound,smell,taste等感官动词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布料摸起来很软。二、表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，例如：need,want,require等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：Thebikeneedsmending.这辆自行车需要修理。三、形容词worth后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：Thebookiswellworthreading.这本书很值得读。四、作表语的形容词，例如：difficult,easy,hard,nice,possible,impossible,fit等之后的不定式作状语时，用主动语态形式表示被动意义。此时，不定式表示的动作与其主语一般为动宾关系。例如：Themathsproblemisnoteasytoworkout.这道数学题不容易解。五、某些动词，例如：lock,open,sell,wash,measure,weigh等，特别是与副词badly,easily,well等连用时，常常用主动语态形式表示被动意义。例如：Thedoorwon’tlock.这门锁不上。Hisbooksellswell.他的书很畅销。Thestreetmeasurestwentymetreswide.街道宽20米。六、不定式作定语，与被修饰动词的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。例如：Ihavelotsofhomeworktodotoday.今天我有许多家庭作业要做。andcolorsoflight.18.Thewest-eastgaspipelineprojectwaskickedoffonJuly4,abigeventinthenation’swestdevelopmentcampaign.19.Hewasborninthiscity.20.Theschoolissituatedinthesuburbs.表一：被动语态的基本用法基本功能及特点：句子序号1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态。2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态。4.修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称。5.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态。6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态。7.在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性。8.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。表二：被动语态的时态各种时态的被动语态句子序号1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.现在进行时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时7.过去完成时8.过去将来时9.带情态动词的被动语态总结：根据以上的例句，可以总结出被动语态的构成：be+请再根据上面的例句完成下表中的句子：时态被动语态的构成主语谓语状语助动词be过去分词一般现在时Theworkdoneeveryday.一般过去时yesterday.一般将来时nextmonth.现在进行时now.过去进行时at5yesterday.现在完成时sinceyouleft.过去完成时beforeyoucame.过去将来时thenextday.巩固练习完成句子。1.这辆自行车是买给我做生日礼物的。Thisbiketomeformybirthdaygift.2.这条铁路建于1998年。已经投入使用10多年了。Thisrailwayin1998.It_____________use10years.3.我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。Whatwesayherelong,butwhatwedoherecanchangetheworld.4.水能从液体变成固体。Waterfromaliquidintoasolid.5.现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。Onlyasmallportionofsolarenergynow.高考链接1.—Hi.Torry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry.______.(2009江苏)A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired2.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?(2009福建)—Becauselargequantitiesofwater_____A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted3.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and_____since.(2009全国I)A.hadnotheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof4.Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(2008北京)A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade5.Astheyearspassed,manyoccasions—birthdays,awards,graduations—________withDad’sflowers.(2007湖南)A.aremarkedB.weremarkedC.havemarkedD.hadmarked二、使用被动语态时的主意事项。观察下面句子，完成下表。1.Thewarbrokeoutin1937.2.ThestorytookplaceinChina.3.Thecardroveawayfromthemanddisappeared.4.Afterthefire,verylittleofmyhouseremained.5.Thatsuitcostover60dollars.6.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.7.Thehousebelongstomyparents.8.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeltverysoft.9.Theoldmanremainedweak.10.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.11.Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.12.Thesecleanersgotpaidbythemonth.13.Theyweremadetoworktwelvehourseveryday.14.Thewineisinthefridge—itjustwantscoolingforacoupleofminutes.15.Thesebasketssellwell.16.It'sworthrememberingthatpricesgouponFebruary1st.17.Ahealthcareprojectisreportedtoprovidetreatmentathalfthecostorlessnextyear,dependingontheneedsofthepatient.被动语态的特殊情况句子序号1.不用被动语态的情况1）有些不及物动词或不及物动词短语2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语3）系动词4）动词want,need,require后用动名词的主动式5）有些不及物动词表示主语的某些属性时，有时和easily,well等副词连用。6）形容词worth后直接加动名词时2.get+过去分词“get+过去分词”结构也可以表示被动3.主动、被动具有不同形式的补语。英语中，有些动词接不带to的不定式作宾补，但是当它们变为被动语态时，要把to加上去。4.一些特殊的被动结构表示“据说”或“相信”的词组，巩固练习完成句子。1)这首歌曲听起来很悦耳。Thissonggreat.2)这门关不上。Thedoorwon’t.3)这戏不宜上演。Theplaywon’t.4)在他回家路上，遇到了一场大雨。Hegottheheavyrainonhiswayhome.5)只要你觉得某事值得去做，就一定要把它做好。Whatisisworthwell.高考链接1)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(2007辽宁)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break2)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______toarrive.(2008全国I)A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected3)Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs___asbusinesstomakeaprofit.(2008上海)A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun4)Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit____.(2007北京)A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruin