高级翻译教程课堂笔记(一)高级翻译教程授课/方永德上外3号楼424(一)2009.3.6一、课前综述PrinciplesinEnglish-Chinesetranslation:1)Truthfultomeaning(notform).a)Whenmeaningpkspartsofspeech,forgetthepartsofspeech.b)Whenmeaningpkssentencepatterns,forgetsentencepatterns.c)Whenmeaningpkstheunits,forgettheunitboundaries.2)Natural:economic;idiomatic.3)Formal.Tasks:thedeepleveldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish1)Co-reference;differentwordsforthesamemeaning2)Numberofverbs3)Subject4)Questions四字格:1)强调beveryvigorous:精力充沛2)省略oneof…………之一——数一数二3)风格Even/especially+if/whenclause即使……也……。他办事认真,工作出色。Heworksseriouslyandeffectively.英文一句句子只有一个动词。中文不尽然。Passive:动词(获得,得到,接受,遭到,受到)二、TextTheAmericanCharacter1、Havegreatvigorandenthusiasm=beveryvigorousandenthusiastic.2、Theypridethemselvesontheirindependence,theirrighttomakeuptheirownminds.theirright是theirindependence的同位语,加个“即”。3、Theyarepreparedtotaketheinitiative,evenwhenthereisariskindoingso.他们做事会采取主动,即使这样做要冒风险也在所不惜。Theyliketodresscorrectly,evenif“correctly”meansflamboyantly.他们喜欢穿着得体,即使“得体”意味奢华也照穿不误。4、TheaverageAmericanchangeshisorherjobnineortentimesduringhisorherworkinglife.美国人一生平均要换九到十次工作。(平均不一定要当形容词修饰American,不妨当副词修饰change。)5、Americanshaveawarmthandfriendlinesswhichislesssuperficialthanmanyforeignersthink.美国人的热情友好,不像外国人想得那样表面化。美国人热情友好,其程度不像外国人想得那样表面化。6、may,can,tendto,often.类似,翻译成“常常”,“往往”。7、抽象名词:形容词+类别名词:东西,事物,现象。grandeur:宏伟的事物。8、IsthesoleaimofmostAmericanstomakemoneyandpossessluxurieswhichcouldbecalledexcessive?赚钱和拥有可以称得上多的奢侈品,这难道是大多数美国人的唯一目标吗?9、ThemajorityofAmericanswouldcertainlydenythis.想必大多数美国人会予以否认。10、IntheUSA,about90%ofthepopulationiswell-offenoughtoexpectabrighterfuture.在美国,百分之九十左右的人口生活富足,可以期盼更美好的未来。11、TheUSAstillhasoneofthehigheststandardsoflivingintheworld.美国的生活水平在全世界数一数二。12、leastpleasant=mostunpleasant13、IthasbeensaidthattheindividualAmericanisgenerous,butthattheAmericannationishard.有人曾经指出,美国人是慷慨的,但美利坚民族则是吝啬的。Itissaid:说法不大可靠。Ithasbeensaid:此话必有人讲过。14、TheUSAisreputedtobeaclasslesssociety.众所周之,美国是个没有阶级的社会。15、Thisispartlyexplainedbythefactthat……部分原因如下。16、Americansarefarmoreraceconsciousthantheyareclassconscious.美国人的种族意识远远超过阶级意识。三、真题练习AcommonplacecriticismofAmericancultureisitsexcessivepreoccupationwithmaterialgoodsandcorrespondingneglectofthehumanspirit.人们通常这样批评美国文化,它过分热衷物质享受,忽视人文精神。Americans,itisalleged,worshiponly“thealmightydollar”.Wescrambleto“keepupwiththeJones”.批评者声称,美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”,与邻居尽相攀比。TheloveaffairbetweenAmericansandtheirautomobileshasbeenacontinuingsubjectofderisivecommentarybybothforeignanddomesticcritics.美国人爱汽车,这一直是国内外批评者嘲讽的主题。Americansaresaidtolivebyaquantitativeethic.他们说,美国人以数量作为人生的伦理。Biggerisbetter,whetherinbombsorsedans.东西越大约好,无论是炸弹还是轿车,一概如此。Theclassicalvirtueofgrace,harmony,andeconomyofbothmeansandendsarelostonmostAmericans.一些古典美德如,风度,和谐,节约,在大多数美国人身上已消失。Asaresult,wearesaidtobeswallowinguptheworld’ssupplyofnaturalresources,whichareirreplaceable.其结果是,我们美国人被说成吞噬着世界上不可再生的自然资源。Americansconstitute6percentoftheworld’spopulationbutconsumeoverathirdoftheworld’senergy.美国人占世界人口的百分之六,却消耗了世界上三分之一以上的能源。Thesearenowfamiliarcomplaints.Indeed,insomerespectsAmericansmaybelievethe“pursuitofhappiness”tomeanthepursuitofmaterialthings.这类抱怨现在常能听到。事实上,在某些方面,美国人往往相信“追求幸福”意味着追求物质文化。高级翻译教程课堂笔记(二)(2009-03-1418:19:30)高级翻译教程授课/方永德上外3号楼424(二)2009.3.13一、课前综述Comparison1、as…asmorethanHetookasmuchashecouldcarry.他拿得动多少就拿多少。Ablack’sskullcanholdasmuchasawhite’s.白人头脑中装得下多少,黑人头脑中也能装多少。Apoorandill-educatedblackcannotalwaysexpecttobetreatedasfairlyandjustlyasarichandwell-educatedone.只有富裕的、受过良好教育的黑人能得到公平公正的待遇,而贫困的、未受过良好教育的黑人不见得总能有这样的指望(抱此奢望)。2、as…as…anyMyguidelineisasgoodasanyother’s.我的办法是最好的。(不这样翻译就错。)Heiseverybitasadventurous,patriotic,romanticandhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.他在每一方面都是迄今为止人们所想象的最勇敢的、最爱国的、最浪漫的、最幽默的。(as…as…中文可推寻,morethan中文不可推寻。)3、morethan超过Ilovewisdommorethanshelovesme.我爱智慧胜过智慧爱我。Hewasmoreambitiousthantalented.他的野心超过才能。Shewasshyerthanunsocial.她不是不爱社交,只不过是怕羞。Hewasmoreboldthanstrong.他力气虽然不大,胆子倒不小。Ilikedhimallthemoreforhisfaults.(省略than)正因为他有缺点,我才更喜欢他。Thedangermakesthesportsonlythepleasanter.正因为有危险,体育运动才更有趣。Thecoatismuchtheworsefornotoftenwearing.(Thisisaproverb.)外套不常穿,反而坏得快。Itisallthemoredangerousfornotbeinggenerallyrecognized.正因为大家没有意识到危险,这才更危险。Hewasdressedmorethansimply.他的穿着朴素到了近乎寒酸。||他的穿着岂止朴素。Hemorethanhesitatedtopromisethat.他答应时的样子犹豫到了近乎拒绝的地步。HowhemanagedtomakealivingismorethanIcantell.他如何谋生我不得而知。Hetakesinmorethingsthanevenappear.有些事情还没有露出端倪,他已经察觉。Weallcomplainabouttheshortnessoftime,yetwehavemorethanweknowwhattodowith.我们抱怨时光短暂,然而有时候我们却又不知如何打发它才好。Moreismeantthanmeetstheear.弦外之音。||话里有话。Idon’tdomorethanIcanhelp.能不做就不做。Don’tspeakmorethanyoucanhelp.能不说话就不说话。(以上部分感谢秀美女提供电脑。。2009.3.14杭州。)三、真题练习Thethreesacredwords“duty”,“honor”and“country”reverentlydictatewhatyoushouldbe,whatyoucanbe,andwhatyouwillbe.这三个神圣的词“责任”、“荣誉”、“祖国”庄严地规定了你应该成为怎样的人,以及你将成为怎样的人。Theyurgeyoutobuildcouragewhencourageseemstofail,toregainfaithwhenthereseemstobelittlecauseforfaith,tocreatehopewhenhopebecomesabandoned.这三个词使你在眼看就要失去勇气时鼓励你鼓起勇气,在失去信念时恢复信念,在失去希望时创造希望。Iamconvincedthatthesewordsteachyoutobeproudandunbendinginhonestfailure,buthumbleandgentleinsuccess;