高三英语专项复习之完形填空解题技巧

高三英语专项复习之完形填空解题技巧英语完形填空的主要特点•1.通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；•2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景;•3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。英语完形填空的命题趋势•1、突出语篇。•2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。•3、辨析词义，以实词为主。•4、记叙文为主，且第一局不设空。•5、生词量有增无减。•6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。英语完形填空的命题趋势•1、突出语篇。•(2005NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.…henevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.•36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener•37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned英语完形填空的命题趋势•2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。•(NMET2004)(Shesaidshehadastorytotellme-apostallettercarrier)Aboutsixmonths3itseemedthatIhad4alettertoherwhichhadherstreet5onitbutwasaddressedtoanotherhousewiththe6numberonadifferentstreetintheneighborhood.•3.A.afterB.earlierC.laterD.ago•4.A.sentB.writtenC.deliveredD.given•5.AmarkB.signC.boardD.number•6.A.correctB.wrongC.sameD.different英语完形填空的命题趋势•6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。•(NMET(1)2005)(whenIwaswaitmyfoodinafamiliarrestaurant)Themanhadanewspaper38infrontofhim,whichhewas39toread,butIcould40thathewaskeepinganeyeonme.Whenthewaiterbroughtmy41themanwasclearlypuzzledbythe42wayinwhichthewaiterandI43eachother.•38.A.flatB.openC.cutD.fixed•39.A.hopingB.thinkingC.pretendingD.continuing•40.A.SeeB.findC.guessD.learn•41.A.menuB.billC.paperD.food•42.A.directB.familiarC.strangeD.funny•43.A.ChattedwithB.lookedatC.laughedatD.talkabout英语完形填空的失分原因分析•1、没有严格遵循答题步骤：•多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。•切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。•2、不注意积累答题技巧:•a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;•b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。英语完形填空的解题步骤•1、浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络.•a.应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读.•b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.•2、分段落实,逐个填空.•a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格.•b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点.•3.通读全文,检查核对.英语完形填空的考查内容语篇信息词汇手段语法手段逻辑手段复现同现替代省略顺序关系并列关系分指关系转折关系解释关系因果关系语篇结构（语境理解）语法项目英语完形填空的考查内容•一、词汇手段•1、复现、同现•1.(08天津卷)ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool25.Mrs.Bidenwasn’tas26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“I’msorry,butwehaveenough27(writer)forthenewspaperalready.•A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team原词重现2.(08山东卷)Garth’se-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat52messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.humorous同义词、近义词复现英语完形填空的考查内容•2、词语的习惯用法和固定搭配•1.(08安徽)Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book_36_hand.•A.inB.atC.byD.on•2.(08安徽)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.•A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions英语完形填空的考查内容•3、根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义•1.(08湖南)Cassielookedatme,andherglare____.Ilaughed,Shesmiled…•A.returnedB.remained•C.increasedD.softened•2.(08四川)Iknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeableto______someofthisstrictness.•A.putupB.takeup•C.pickupD.giveup英语完形填空的考查内容•4、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择•1.(08湖南卷)ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.•A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding•2.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30.•29.A.toB.atC.inD.by•30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign英语完形填空的考查内容•二、语法手段•1、省略2、替代3、语法项目•1.ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley____,foracausehebelievedright.•A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone省略英语完形填空的考查内容•三、逻辑手段•1、顺序关系2、并列关系3、分指关系•4、转折关系5、解释关系6、因果关系•10.(08天津)Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.,highschoolwasdifferent.•A.ThereforeB.However•C.OtherwiseD.Besides转折关系•11.(08湖北)Neilsonconsidersherselflucky___shesufferedinjuries.•A.andB.butC.thoughD.when让步关系英语完形填空的考查内容•四、篇章结构（语境理解）•12.(08湖南)Iraceddownthesteps.Thesidewalkwasdottedwitheggshells(蛋壳)fromthose51drops.•A.intendedB.unexpected•C.failedD.desired•13.(08四川)ClearlyIhadmade.Ihadstartedtheeveningwantingtohaveahappytimewithmydaughterbuthadallowedmydesiretowintobecomemoreimportantthanmyrelationshipwithmydaughter…SoIhadtochange.•A.amistakeB.adecision•C.anattemptD.aneffort英语完形填空的解题技巧•1、照应：瞻前顾后联系全文。•2、积累：掌握固定搭配的用法与同义词的辨析。•3、分清逻辑关系：注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。•4、化简句子：突破长句的理解。•5、充分利用你的常识。英语完形填空的解题技巧•1、照应：充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。1.Travellingwest,yousetyourclock7;travellingeast,yousetitahead…Travelling15todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.7.A.behindB.forwardC.backD.ahead15.A.southB.eastC.northD.west•2.Sotheslavewaspardonedand50.A.killedB.richC.happyD.freed•3.Manyoldpeopledon'thavegood13.Theycan'twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time英语完形填空的解题技巧•2、积累：固定搭配包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。•1.Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly2newspapersandmagazines…•A.inB.toC.onD.for•2.Tomtoldwhathesawtothemananditwasn’tlong____thepolicecaughtthethief.•A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.then•3.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish6.•A.afterallB.intheendC.atallD.nolonger英语完形填空的解题技巧•2、积累（注意词语的辨析）•1.SoonIhearda____likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.from•2.Tomyhorror,Isaw,____myfather'sshoulder,agorilla,……A.onB.aboveC.overD.form•3.Givemeahand,heshouted____hegotnea