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名词性从句（一）名词性从句的种类在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Wherewelivedoesn’tmatter.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.Wateverhedidisright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whicheveryouwantisyours.名词性从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将从句置于句末。例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.还没决定谁做这项工作。Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他们何时结婚依然不明。Itisapitythatyoumissedtheconcert.很遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句(及物动词，介词和形容词后)Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Tellmewhyyoudon’tlikeschool.Don’taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.动词+it+从句（it没有任何意义）Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾补+宾语从句IfeelitaterriblethingthatIhavetogetupsoearly.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后Thereasonwasthathedidn’tworkhard.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.Doyouhaveanyideaswherewecangetcheapersecondhandcar?(二)名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连接词；引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which连接副词：when,where,how,whyI.名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…Itisimportantthat…Itisobviousthat…b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…Itisknowntoallthat…Ithasbeendecidedthat…c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat…Itisasurprisethat…Itisafactthat…d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…Ithappensthat…Itoccurredtomethat…II.if,whether引导的名词从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语：She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。III.名词性wh-从句由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括what,who,whom,.whose,whoever,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。1.what用法１）what是连词，what在从句中充当主语，如：whatisneeded，从句可充当：主语Whatisneededistime.需要的东西就是时间。表语Thisiswhatisneeded.这就是需要的东西宾语Idon’tknowwhatisneeded我不知道需要什么。２）what是连词，what在从句中充当宾语，如：whathedid，从句可充当：主语Whathedidsurprisedallofus.他做的事情使所有的人都惊奇。表语Thisiswhathedid.这就是他做的事情。宾语Idon’tknowwhathedid.我不知道他做的事情。３）what是连词，what在从句中充当表语，如：whatwateris，从句可充当：主语Whatwaterisisknowntousall.水是什么是大家都知道的。表语Whatthelittleboywanttoknowiswhatwateris.小男孩想知道的是水是什么。宾语Everybodyknowswhatwateris.人人都知道水是什么。2.who用法１）who是连词，在从句中充当主语，如：whobrokethewindow，从句可充当：主语Whobrokethewindowisnotknownyet.谁打碎了窗户该不知道呢。表语Theproblemiswhobrokethewindow.问题是谁打碎了窗户。宾语Idon’tknowwhobrokethewindow.我不知道谁打碎了窗户。２）who是连词，在从句中充当表语，如whoheis，从句可充当：主语Whoheisisbeinglookedinto.他是谁正在被调查着。表语Theproblemiswhoheis.问题是他是谁。宾语Idon’tknowwhoheis.我不知道他是谁。３）who(whom)是连词，在从句中充当宾语，如：who(whom)Iknow从句可充当：主语WhoIknowhasnothingtodowithyou.我认识谁与你无关。表语Whatshewantstoknowiswho(m)Iknow.他想知道我认识谁。宾语Shedoesn’twanttoknowwho(m)Iknow.她不想知道我认识谁。3.whose用法whose是连词，在从句中充当定语，如whosepronunciationisthebest，从句可充当：主语Whosepronunciationisthebestisaopen.Secret.谁的语音最好是个公开的秘密。表语Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.问题是谁的语音最好。宾语Idon’tknowwhosepronunciationisthebest.我不知道谁的语音最好。4.where用法where是连词，where在从句中充当地点状语，如whereheworked从句可充当：主语Whereheworkedisnotfarfromhere.他曾经工作的地方离这儿不远。表语Thisiswhereheworked.这就是他曾经工作的地方。宾语Iknowwhereheworked.我知道他曾经在哪儿工作。5.when用法when是连词，when在从句中充当时间状语，如whenhecamehere从句可充当：主语Whenhecameisnotknowntousall.他什么时间来的我们都不知道。表语Theproblemiswhenhecamehere.问题是他什么时间来的。宾语Iknowwhenhecamehere.我知道他他什么时间来的。(其余连词用法与上述方法相同)Exercises1．指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：1.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Don’taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor3.Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.4.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.5.Wateverhedidisright6.Whatheleftuswasalargesumofmoney.7.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.8.Tellmewhyyoudon’tlikeschool.9.Hehadafeelingthatshemightnotapproveoftheplan.10.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.11.Hewasn’tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.12.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.13.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.14.Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.15.Whenhewillbebackd