2018届高考英语一轮复习教案:语法填空第三讲 名词和主谓一致

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1第三讲 名词和主谓一致PartⅠ 真题变式体验1.[2015·安徽高考]Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome________(think)andthenletmeknow.答案:thought 考查名词。句意:现在没有必要把你的答案告诉我。考虑一下,然后告诉我。givesth.somethought意为“考虑”。thought为think的名词形式。2.[2015·浙江高考]Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(anxious)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.答案:anxiety 考查名词。根据句意可知此处表示减压/焦虑。句意:减少压力最有效的方法是和你信任的人谈论一下感受。3.[2015·湖南高考]Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________(take)yearstoachieve.答案:is;takes 考查主谓一致。that引导的宾语从句的主语是success为单数,两空是并列谓语,故都用单数。4.[2015·福建高考]ChinaDailyattractsaworldwidereadership,which________(show)thatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.答案:shows 考查主谓一致。定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词的单复数形式一致,先行词是ChinaDaily为单数,故填shows。5.[2015·湖北高考]Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehis________(identify)whenhewenttocarryoutthesecrettask.答案:identity 句意:当他去执行这项秘密任务时,他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。由句意可知,空处应用名词identity表示“身份”。6.[2014·湖南高考]Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.答案:is根据题干可知all指代的是asmallpieceofland,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故填is。句意:我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。7.[2013·江苏高考]Generally,students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers________(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.答案:is 根据句式结构,考查主谓一致。名词后有with短语时,谓语动词取决于with前面的词,故用单数is。句意:一般来说,学生们的内在动机多来自于他人的高期望值,这对他们的发展很重要。8.[2013·江西高考]WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith________(patient).答案:patience “介词+名词”,故应填写patient的名词形式。句意:无论何时我犯错误,老师都会耐心地指出来。9.[2013·天津高考]WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopeda________(tasty)forfineart.答案:taste 考查名词构词法,空前是冠词,可知此处应填名词,故填taste。句意:在2巴黎期间,她培养了对艺术的兴趣。10.[2013·湖南高考]Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________(be)around$8,450ayear,whichisaburdenforsomeofthem.答案:are 考查主谓一致,宾语从句中句子的主语是livingexpenses为复数,故谓语动词应用复数。整句用一般现在时,故填are。 PartⅡ 语篇真题演练阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。[2015·广东高考]MrJohnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned__16__farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.__17__(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby__18__otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat__19__(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass__20__itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she__21__(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealiving__22__thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,MrJohnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees__23__(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildren'sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket__24__peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto__25__thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.Step1:通读全文,掌握主旨大意。本文讲述的是Johnson先生和家人住在树林中,他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农场,幸好他有一头奶牛。可是有一天牛死了,奶牛的死会给一家带来什么变化呢?Step2:逐题解答,确定答案。16.a。根据空格位置在动词与可数名词单数之间可知,考查冠词。17.Luckily。位于句首的空格用逗号隔开,可知考查副词修饰整个句子。18.for。从整句话分析,此处考查介词且与exchange构成固定搭配。19.was_left。连词后面没有谓语,故考查谓语,注意考虑时态语态和主谓一致。20.when。在两个句子中间的空格应考查连词用法,此处为固定句式。321.fell。在主谓之后,且该句无谓语,可知此题考查谓语动词,与died并列。22.without。根据空格的位置和语意,可知此处考查介词。23.to_sell。该句中已有谓语且无连词,可知此处填非谓语,根据语义可知此处表目的。24.where。空前后均是句子,故应填连词,且位于名词之后,可考虑定语从句的关联词。25.him。根据句式分析,此处考查固定句子“Itoccurstosb.that...”。Step3:代入验证。需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑,语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)名词常见后缀(第一讲);(2)名词的数;(3)抽象名词具体化;(4)主谓一致的几种常见情况。学情分析考生在名词和主谓一致的学习中存在以下几个问题:(1)名词的数是考生在运用语言时常被忽视的问题,需刻意提高“数”的意识;(2)主谓一致情况较多,造成部分学生在使用时混用,同时也忽视了主语核心词,造成主谓不一致;(3)语法规则能熟练记忆,但不能准确运用,缺少谓语与主语一致的意识。考点一 名词的数1名词的单复数(1)不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如果需要表示多少,通常要用“a/an+表数量的词+of+名词”来表示。通常抽象名词与物质名词都是不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有:①物质名词:ice,coffee,soup,grass,cloth(布料),clothing,iron,food,bread等。②抽象名词:advice,experience(经验),courage,fun,childhood,knowledge等。(2)名词复数的变化①规则变化种类变化例词一般情况词尾加­sbook→books,pen→pens4以­s,­x,­ch,­sh结尾词尾加­esbus→buses,bench→benches,box→boxes,dish→dishes,但stomach例外,其后直接加­s以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i后加­esfamily→families,city→cities以“元音字母+y”结尾词尾加­skey→keys,boy→boys多数变f或fe为v后加­esleaf→leaves,wife→wives,knife→knives以­f或­fe结尾少数词尾加­schief→chiefs,roof→roofs,belief→beliefs续表 种类变化例词词尾加­eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,Negro→Negroes以字母­o结尾词尾加­sphoto→photos,kilo→kilos,piano→pianos以­sis结尾的外来词变sis为sesbasis→bases,analysis→analyses,crisis→crises②不规则变化种类例词单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,aircraft,means,series,species,headquarters单数形式复数意义people,police,cattle复数形式单数意义news,physics,politics合成词变复数passer­by→passers­by,son­in­law→sons­in­law,looker­on→lookers­on,go­between→go­betweens,grown­up→grown­ups词形变化man→men,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice,medium→media52特殊情况下名词复数的用法有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式,如:thanks,authorities(当局),possessions(财产),clothes,congratulations,goods(商品),works(作品,著作),shoes,trousers,manners(礼貌)等。有些固定短语要求用名词复数形式:makepreparationsfor为……做准备takepains尽力,刻苦make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵taketurns轮流beinhighspirits兴致勃勃makerepairs修理3名词构词法(见第一讲)[典例1] [2016·河北唐山模拟]Hepushedandpulledwithallhis________(strong)tomovethestone.[解析] strength 根据空格前的his及语义可知此处应填名词,而strong的名词变化特殊,是strength。[典例2] [2016·衡水模拟]Totellthetruth,drivingincrowde

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