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1第四讲 定语从句PartⅠ 真题变式体验1．[2015·湖南高考]Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.答案：which 根据结构，此题为一个非限制性定语从句，且句中缺少主语，故用which。2．[2015·陕西高考]Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.答案：when 根据结构分析，“thetime”后为一个句子，“thetime”为一个时间名词，故是一个定语从句，该定语从句中只能填时间状语，故用关系副词when。3．[2015·重庆高考]Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.答案：which 根据句式结构分析，逗号后为一个非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语又构成“介词＋which”的结构，故用which指代books在从句中作主语。4．[2015·四川高考]Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.答案：whose 根据句式结构分析，逗号后为定语从句，而句中主语“covers”与先行词“books”之间为所属关系，故用whose。5．[2015·北京高考]OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.答案：where 分析句子结构可知，“________youcanhearsomelovelymusic”是非限制性定语从句，“where”替代先行词“St.Paul'sChurch”在定语从句中作地点状语。6．[2015·天津高考]Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.答案：where 根据句式结构分析，先行词为“atmosphere”，而其后的定语从句中不缺少主、宾、表等主要句子成分，只能填关系副词。像atmosphere,case,point,situation,stage,activity,occasion等表示抽象意义的名词为先行词，且定语从句中缺少状语的情况下，应用关系副词where引导。7．[2014·重庆高考]We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.答案：which/that'在本句中，先行词是“thesalestargets”，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。8．[2014·浙江高考]Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.答案：when在本句中，先行词为“thefifthgrade”，设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。9．[2013·湖南高考]Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.2答案：who/that 考查定语从句。根据句意，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。10．[2013·重庆高考]Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof________arefamilymembers.答案：whom 考查定语从句。从句中没有宾语，故填关系代词。根据句意，先行词指人，位于介词之后只能用whom。 PartⅡ 语篇真题演练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。[2013·广东高考]Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he__16__(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit;neithertoomuch__17__toolittle.”Hissonlookedsurprised.“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn'tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,__18__notsaveabitofmoney？”“Thatwouldbeavery__19__(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid.Nick'sguests,__20__hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied,“Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt__21__alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect__22__thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.”“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't__23__(possible)destroyavillage.”“Inthebeginning,therewasonly__24__verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always__25__(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”Step1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文讲述的是尼克叫儿子去买些盐，并交代儿子要以合理公平的价格买，不能破坏市场平衡的故事，告诉我们要懂得尊重他人的劳动和维护生活中的公平。Step2：逐题解答，确定答案。16．found。考查时态。“他发现他的盐已经用完了。”由前一句中的“Oneday,Nickinvited.”可知答案。17．nor。考查副词。此处为固定结构。18．why。考查连词。根据上下文可知，此处表示尼克的疑问。19．reasonable。考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词。20．who。考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语且指人，可确定答案。21．at。考查介词。“以比较低的价格”。22．for。考查固定短语。“showrespect”与哪个介词搭配。23.possibly。考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。24．a。考查冠词。表示“一点儿，少量的”。25．thinking。考查非谓语动词。everyone是主语，added是谓语，think的逻辑主语是3everyone，两者之间是主动关系。Step3：代入验证。需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。知识清单(1)常见关系代词的用法：that,which,who,whom,whose,as；(2)关系副词的用法：where,when与why；(3)介词＋关系代词结构中，介词的来源；(4)定语从句与同位语从句的区别；(5)定语从句中的主谓一致；(6)只用that不用which的情况以及只用which不用that的情况；(7)关系代词与代词的用法区别；(8)定语从句与强调句型的混合考查。学情分析考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1．who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”来代替。①Doyouknowtheboywhosehandwritingisverybeautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？②Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.＝Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。3.which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。①Thereusedtobemuchshadeofanoldtreeinthemiddleoftheyard,whichgaveusmuch4coolinsummer.过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。②Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices,whicharetakenbythegovernment，willsucceed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,few,little,much等不定代词，或先行词被all,every,some,any,no,few,little等修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.你给我的书我都已经读过了。注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。Thereissomethingthat/whichkeepsworryingme.有一件事一直令我不安。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词thefirst，thesecond,...，thelast修饰时。Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(3)先行词被theonly，thevery，theright等修饰时。Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandth