2018届高考英语一轮复习练习：必修5 Uint 14 Careers

1Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时15′)A[2015·哈六中期中考试]Lifeissomuchsimplerthesedays.EverythingrevolvesW1aroundasinglebutton!Withtheintroductionofwashingmachines,washingclothesbecameeasier.Themachineswoulddryclothesatleast70to80percentandalreadyhalf­driedclotheswouldbedoneinnotime.Doyouwanttoknowhowwashingmachinesevolved?Thefirstwashingmachinewascalledthescrub(擦洗)boardandwasinventedintheyear1797.In1851,Americanman,JamesKing,discoveredandpatentedthefirstwashingmachinetouseadrum.However,itwasstillhand­poweredanddidnotworkbyitself.Then,in1858,WilliamBlackstoneofIndianabuiltawashingmachineforhiswife.Thiswashingmachineremovedandwashedawaydirtfromtheclothes.ThiswasthefirstP1W2officialwashingmachinethatcouldbeusedathome.SIn1908,theHurleyMachineCompanyofChicagoinventedtheThormachine.Thiswasthefirstwashingmachinethatwaselectricallypowered,andithadagalvanized(电镀的)metaltubandanelectricmotor.Theearlierwashingmachinehadaheavy,cast­ironmechanismmountedonthetublid,makingthemachineheavyanddifficulttomove.Theintroductionofametaltubandreductiongears(减速齿轮)inlateryearsreplacedW3thisheavyequipmentandby1920theproductionofwoodentubwashingmachinescompletelystopped.Butthenewmachinesmadealotofnoisebecauseoftheirbulkymetaltubs.Amodificationthatwasmadewascoveringthetubswithwhiteenameled(磁漆的)sheetmetaltomakethecleaningprocesseasier.Bytheearly1950s,Americancompaniesstartedproducingwashingmachineswithaspindryfeature，andthisreplacedtheoldwringer,which,whiledryingtheclothes,wouldW4removethebuttonsorcauseaccidentsinvolvingthehairandhands.In1957,thefirstwashingmachinewithfiveplusbuttonswasintroduced.Thesecontrolledthewashtemperature,rinsetemperatureandspinspeed.Slowly,morefeatureswereadded,andtodaywehaveavarietyofwashingmachinesP2withdifferentfeaturesandstylestohelpusoutandmakelifesimplerandeasier.P3本文介绍了洗衣机的发展变化过程。1．Accordingtothepassage,thefirstwashingmachine________.A．wasinventedintheyear1797B．wasinventedforawomanC．workedbyusingadrumD．waselectricallypowered答案：A　事实细节题。根据文中第二段第一句话可知答案。2．Whyweretheearlierwashingmachinesheavy?A．Theywereequippedwithacast­ironmechanismonthetublid.B．Theyhadametaltubandreductiongears.C．Theyhadagalvanizedmetaltubandanelectricmotor.D．Theyhadahand­poweredmechanism.2答案：A　事实细节题。根据文中第四段最后一句可知答案。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthefifthparagraph?A．Thewashingmachinewithametaltubandreductiongearswasinventedin1920s.B．Thewashingmachineswithametaltubdidnotmakeanynoise.C．Thecleaningprocessbecamesimplerthankstoanenameledsheetmetaltub.D．Thewoodentubwashingmachinewascheaperthanonewithametaltub.答案：C　事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句话可知答案。4．Whatwasanadvantageofthespindryfeature?A．Itdidn'thavebuttonstocontrolit.B．Thewashandrinsetemperaturecouldbecontrolled.C．Itavoidedaccidentsinvolvingthehairandhands.D．Itspeededupthespinspeed.答案：C　事实细节题。根据倒数第二段的“andthisreplacedtheoldwringer,which,whiledryingtheclothes,wouldremovethebuttonsorcauseaccidentsinvolvingthehairandhands.”已经替代了旧的机器去避免事故的发生。W重点词汇1．revolvevi.旋转2．dirtn.肮脏；尘土3．replacevt.取代；代替4．featuren．/vt.特色；以……为特色P重点短语1．washaway冲刷掉；洗掉2．avarietyof各种各样的；多样的3．helpout帮助……摆脱困难S句式仿写原文：Thiswasthefirstofficialwashingmachinethatcouldbeusedathome.(定语从句)译文：这是第一台正式的可以在家里使用的洗衣机。仿写：Thefirstplaceofinterestthat_they_visited_in_LondonlastyearwastheBigBen.去年他们在伦敦参观的第一处名胜是大本钟。B[2016·福州八中质检二]Istillreadoutloudtomyson.Heisinfifthgradeandanavidreader.Heplowsthroughbooksandiscurrentlydevouring(津津有味地看)．TheHobbitwhichW1hecalls“addicting”.ButhestilllikesitwhenIreadoutloudtohimbeforebed.SI'vealwaysreadtohim,IcouldprobablyreciteGoodnightMoonbyheartandIliketothinkithashelpedtoinstillhisloveofreadinginhim.Butashe'sgottenolder,readingtohimhaschanged.Thebooksarelonger,ofcourse,andsometimeshecorrectsmeifImisreadawordinthedimlightofhisroom.Butwhat'sreallyW2changediswhatwebothgetoutofit.P13WhenIwasinfifthgrade,Ihadawonderfulteacher,MrHanks,whowouldreadaloudtotheclassafterlunch.IrememberhimreadingRoaldDahl'sCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandmehangingoneveryword.IcouldhardlywaitforlunchtobeovertofindoutwhathappenednexttolittleCharlieBucket.NowI'mgivingthesamegifttomyownson.LastweekhebroughtmeacopyofCharlesDickens'AChristmasCarolhefoundontheshelfandaskedmetoreadittohim.OneofthebonusesofreadingtoanolderchildisyoucanrevisitabelovedbookfromyourpastorbeW3exposedtoabookyouhaveneverreadyourself.P2SuchwasthecasewithAChristmasCarolwhichIadmitIhadneverread.SowhenIstartedreadingIworriedthatitwouldbeatoughgosincethebookusesexpressionsandthelanguageDickensusedinthe1840's.IfoundmyselfhavingtodefinethingssuchasbraziersandW4balustrades.ButinthewonderfuldescriptivenessofDickens'prose,mysonwasespeciallytakenwithhisdescriptionofScrooge'shousewherehehadoftenplayedhide­and­seekwithotherW5friends.读书使人受益，睡前给孩子读书，让孩子成为了一个热爱阅读的人。5．Whenitcomestoreadingoutloudtotheauthor'sson,shefeels________.A．tiredB．curiousC．nervousD．happy答案：D　事实细节题。从文中第二段“I'vealwaysreadtohim,Icouldprobablyrecite...hisloveofreadinginhim.”可知作者乐于读书给孩子听。6．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．theauthor'ssonenjoysherreadingtohimB．theauthorputstoomuchpressureonhersonC．theauthor'ssondislikesreadingonhisownD．theauthorfindsitunnecessarytoreadtoherso