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1Module3 SectionⅡⅠ.阅读理解A[2014·深圳高三第一次调研]Long－timeexposureW1toairpollutioncanleadtoP1physicalchangesinthebrainandcausetroubleinlearningandmemory,andevenanxietyW2.Thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearchonmice.Whileotherstudieshaveshowntheharmfuleffectsofpollutedairinthelungsandheart,thisisthefirsttoshowthenegativeW3effectonthebrain.TheteamofLauraFonken,RandyNelson,fromtheOhioStateUniversity,USA,hasspreadtothebrainapreviousW4lineofresearchwhichfoundthatfineparticulate(微粒)matterfloatingintheairmainlybecauseofP2airpollutioncausedbyhumans,causesswellinginmuchofthebody,andmayberelatedtoP3highbloodpressureproblems,andsomeotherdiseases.IntheresearchFonkenandhiscolleaguesexposedmicetopollutedairforsixhourseachday,fivedaysaweek,overaperiodof10months,almosthalftheaveragelifelengthofmice.Pollutedaircontainsfineparticlescreatedbycars,factoriesandnaturaldust.Fineparticlesofthiskindaretiny,about2.5micrometersindiameter,oraboutone－thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseparticlescangodeepintolungsandotherorgans.TheconcentrationofthisparticulatematerialtowhichtheyexposedmiceisequaltoP4theconcentrationatwhichpeoplecanbeexposedinsomepollutedurbanareas.SAfteraperiodof10months,theresearchersgottheanimalstohaveaseriesofP5behavioralW5tests.Boththebehaviorofmiceandtheresultsofneurological(神经的)testsdonetothemshowthatthosewithinthepollutedairhadmoreproblemsinlearningandmemory,andhigherlevelsofanxiety.Theresultssuggestthatlong－timeexposuretopollutedaircanhavemeasurablenegativeeffectsonthehumanbrainandcancauseavarietyofmentalhealthproblems.Thiscouldhaveimportantconsequencesforthoselivingandworkinginpollutedurbanareas.1.Theresultsofnewresearchonmicefirstsuggestthatpollutedairmainlydoesharmto________.A.normalorgansB.lungsandheartC.mentalhealthD.bloodpressure2.Whatharmfuleffectofpollutedairismentionedinotherstudies?A.Theharmfuleffectonlearning.B.Theharmfuleffectonalltheorgans.2C.Theharmfuleffectonlungsandheart.D.Theharmfuleffectonimprovingmemory.3.ThebadeffectsoftinyparticlesinpollutedairarethoseExcept________.A.highbloodpressureproblemsB.makinghumanhairthinnerC.differentkindsofdiseasesD.swellinginmuchofthebody4.Fromthelastsentencewecaninferthatpeoplelivinginpollutedurbanareas________.A.arelikelytosufferfrommentalproblemsB.canmeasurethenegativeeffectonthemC.showlittleconcernforairpollutionD.canbeexposedtopollutedairlonger5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Long－timeExposuretoAirPollutionB.EvidenceandConcernofAirPollutionC.MeasurableEffectonHumanBrainD.MentalProblemsCausedbyAirPollution是一篇科普文章，讲述最新的一项科学发现，让老鼠长期呆在污染的空气中，除了过去人们已经发现的对身体的影响外，首次发现了污染对神经系统的影响。这会引起居住在污染的城市居民的关注。1.C 细节理解题。根据前两段理解可知。2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知。3.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容可知。4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段理解可知。5.D 主旨理解题。理解整个故事可知。3W重点单词1.exposuren.暴露 2.anxietyn.焦虑3.negativeadj.消极的，否定的4.previousadj.以前的，先前的5.behavioraladj.行为的，动作的P重点短语1.leadto通向，导致2.becauseof由于，因为3.berelatedto与……有关4.beequalto与……相等，胜任5.aseriesof一系列S长难句译文：老鼠所接触的这种微生物的密度与人们在一些污染区接触的污染密度是一样的。剖析：本句中含有to_which和at__which引导的两个定语从句。B[2014·北约自主招生英语全真模拟试题]ItisnotoftenrealizedW1thatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedW2bythesettingupP1ofadowry(嫁妆).Admittedly,thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityP2itsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportant.Thedowrywasthewife'srighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband'spropertyW3.Thewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake,andmorethanjustaright;thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.InnocaseP3dothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalstatusofhusbandandwifes.Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband'spersonalproperty,buttheoppositewasnotalwaystrue.Womenseemedperfectlypreparedtodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights,andonoccasionW4theyshowedafinefightingspirit.SAcaseinpointisthatofMariaVivas.HavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedonP4compensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribetohaveacontractdulydrawnupP5assigningherapieceoflandfromMiro'spersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,“forthesakeofP6peace.”Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot－tempered,thewifeknewhowtowinherself,withthecontextofthefamily,apowerfuleconomicposition.6.Originally,thepurposeofadowryisto________.A.giveawomantherighttoreceiveallherhusband'sproperty4B.helpawomantoenjoyahigherpositioninthefamilyC.protectawomanagainsttheriskofdesertionD.bothAandC7.Accordingtothepassage,thelegalstatusofthewifeinmarriagewas________.A.higherthanthatofasinglewomanB.higherthanthatofherhusbandC.lowerthanthatofherhusbandD.thesameasthatofherhusband8.WhydoestheauthorgiveustheexampleofMariaVivas?A.Toshowthatthewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband'spersonalproperty.B.Toshowthatthewifecandefendherowninheritance.C.Toprovethatwomenhavepowerfulposition.D.Toillustratehowwomenwinherproperty.9.ThecompensationMariaVivasgotforthefieldis___