搜索
20105313ForeignLanguageEducationMay.2010Vol.31No.3,(334001;116026):11230,,:1);2),,,:,,:;;:H030:A:100025544(2010)0320060204Abstract:Thepresentresearchaimstostudy112ChineseEFLlearnersand30nativespeakerspragmaticcompetenceongratitudespeechactviatheanalysesonheadacts(HA),internalmodification(IM),andexternalmodification(EM)aswell.Itisconcludesthat:1)Learnersandnativespeakersshowsignificantdifferenceintheperformancesofthe3componentsingratitudespeechact;2)althoughthe3learnergroupsdonotdiffersignificantlyintheoverallperformance,theystillperformdifferentlyintheuseofunmarkedverbsinHA,adverbialphraseinIM,andcompliment,reciprocal,andsurpriseinEM.Thissuggeststhatlearnerspragmaticcompetenceongratitudespeechactdoesnotdevelopinasystematicpattern.Thepaperalsoexplainsbrieflythereasonsfordifferencesbetweenlearnersandnativespeakers:differencesincultureandmentallexi2con,languagetransfer,andexplicitinstructionalfailureaswellwhichallaccountforthesedifferences.Keywords:gratitudespeechact(GSA);pragmaticcompetence;Chineselearners1.(InterlanguagePragmatics),(1997),,,,,:(2002),,:,,,,40,,,,,,240,2060Searle(1969),Selinker(1972),,,,,,Leech(1983),,,,(2000),:Leech,,EisenstainBodman(1986),,06,EisenstainBodman,,:,,:,;,,Wolfson(1989),,Aijmer(1996)LLC,:,;LLC19531975,,2080,(1982),(1987,2005)Leech,,,2090,(1997)(1999),(2006),,3.3.1:?,?:?,?3.2142,112,3032,80142,142,139,98%1:1.64753040391416109303.3(cross2sectionalstud2y),,,EisenstainBodman(1986),,SPSS11.53.4139,Blum-Kulka(1989)CCSARP(2009),,(HA),(IM)(EM),2:2.(freq.mean)(freq.mean)thanks1.732.30.922.63(HA)thankyou3.262.8753.512.26appreciate0.070.1750.431.86verymuch1.661.91.381.13(IM)foryourhelp1.561.051.741.13sir0.30.10.153.33youaresokind2.131.0523.33Iloveitsomuch0.970.4251.050.87Ireallyhaveagoodtime.1.230.90.640.5Imustworkharder1.81.7751.511.23(EM)Illtreatyounexttime0.370.60.641.24Wow,asurprise0.531.050.642.47youdidnthavetodothat00.050.050.27youaremybestfriend00.3250.2104.4.14.1.1(),,:163.ZP2.631.4261.571.58323.579.0002.27.6913.211.84123.308.001.87.346.24.48926.356.0003:,,(P.000;.001;.000,.05),appreciate,,appreciate,,,appreciate(low-frequency);thanks,,thankyou;thankyou,,thanks,(James):thankyou,thanks,thanks,4.1.24.ZP1.651.4041.87.93721.212.2261.441.3291.13.3462.486.627.17.5243.332.09026.103.0004,,(P.226.627,.05),,,:thanksforyourhelp;thankyouforyourkindness,,verymuch,somuch,,,,thankyouverymuch,verymuch:80,thankyouverymuch;verymuch(overuse);(James):,somuchverymuch,somuch,verymuchsomuch,,(P=.000,.05),thanks,sirthankyousomuch,buddyThanks,man,4.1.35.ZP1.691.4573.332.09023.937.000.80.931.87.9372.417.677.90.922.50.50921.950.0511.69.9001.231.40622.004.045.55.6731.271.11223.279.0011.0.0002.471.35825.939.000.04.189.27.45023.957.000.22.614.00.00022.450.0155,,(P.667.051,.05),;(P.000,.045,.001,.000,.000.015.05),,,;,,Wow!Aha!Oh,myGod!,,,26,,,,youaremybestfriend,4.26.MeanSd.MeanSd.MeanSd.Asymsig.thanks1.731.3632.31.9530.921.036.007(HA)thankyou3.261.7012.8751.8973.511.876.395appreciate0.071.3980.1751.5160.431.269.305verymuch1.661.3051.91.2801.381.332.031(IM)foryourhelp1.56.7941.05.3791.74.336.317sir0.31.6130.11.0610.151.487.002youaresokind2.13.0751.05.8742.999.000Iloveitsomuch0.971.1040.425.9551.05.628.085Ireallyhaveagodtime.1.23.9610.91.0000.64.721.275Imustworkharder1.8.5561.775.7441.51.668.200(EM)Illtreatyounexttime0.37.2540.6.3850.64.641.008Wow,asurprise0.53.9371.05.9860.64.811.018youdidnthavetodothat0.0000.05.2210.05.223.458youaremybestfriend0.3050.325.8880.21.409.4396,,,,,,,(Asymsig..007,.031,.002,.000,008.018,.05),,,,(fossilization),,,,,6,,Youaremybestfriend,,5.,:,HA,IM,EM,,,,,,,[1]Aijmer,K.ConversationalRoutinesinEnglish:ConventionandCreativity[M].London:Longman,1996.[2]Blum2Kulka,S,,House,J.&Kasper,G.(eds.)Cross2CulturalPrag2matics:RequestsandApologies[M].Norwood,NJ:Ablex,1989.[3]Cohen,A.D.SpeechActs.InS.L.McKay&N.H.Hornberger(eds.).SociolinguisticsandLanguageTeaching:xiv,3832420[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001.[4]Eisenstein,M.&J.Bodman.Iveryappreciate:Expressionsofgratitudebynativeandnon2nativespeakerofAmericanEnglish[J].AppliedLin2guistics,1986(7):1672185.[5]Leech,G.PrinciplesofPragmatics[M].London:Longman,1983.[6]Searle,J.R.SpeechActs:AnEssayinthePhilosophyofLanguage[M].1969.[7]Wolfson,N.Perspectives:SociolinguisticsandTESOL[M].NewYork:NewburyHousePublisher,1989.[8].[A].,.[C].:,1997.[9].[M].:,1999.[10].[M].:1997.[11].[M].:,2000.[12].[J].,1982(5).[13],.[J].,2005(3).[14].[D].,2006.[15],,.[J].(),2004(4).[16].:[M].:,2009.:;,:JXJG209216219:,,,200921123036