高二数学必修5数列单元质量检测题参考答案一、选择题1.B2.D3.C4.C5.C6.A7.B8.C9.C10.D11.C12.B二、填空题13.22215nnnan14.-477215.7016.nnn21222三、解答题17.解析:设Sn=pn2+qnSn=pn2+qn=m;①则Sm=pm2+qm=n②①-②得:p(n2-m2)+q(n-m)=m-n即p(m+n)+q=-1(m≠n)∴Sm+n=p(m+n)2+q(m+n)=(m+n)[p(m+n)+q]=-(m+n).18.解析:由S12>0及S13<0可得021213130211121211dada2a1+11d>024+7d>0即又∵a3=12,∴a1=12-2d∴a1+6d<03+d<0∴-724<d<-3.19.解析:设数列{an}的公差为d∵S10=S20,∴10×29+2910d=20×29+21920d解得d=-2∴an=-2n+31设这个数列的前n项和最大,an≥0-2n+31≥0则需:即an+1≤0-2(n+1)+31≤0∴14.5≤n≤15.5∵n∈N,∴n=15∴当n=15时,Sn最大,最大值为S15=15×29+21415(-2)=225.20.解析:令an=bn+k,则an+1=bn+1+k∴bn+1+k=2(bn+k)+3即bn+1-2bn=k+3令k+3=0,即k=-3则an=bn-3,bn+1=2bn这说明{bn}为等比数列,q=2b1=a1-k=8,∴bn=8·2n-1=2n+2∴an=2n+2-3.21.解析:设Sn=1+54+257+…+2523nn+1523nn①则51Sn=51+254+357+…+1553nn+nn523②①-②得:121111(1)43333232551131555555157512775127.45165nnnnnnnnnnnnSnnS22.解析:(1)∵Sn+1=4an+2①∴Sn+2=4an+1+2②②-①得Sn+2-Sn+1=4an+1-4an(n=1,2,…)即an+2=4an+1-4an,变形,得an+2-2an+1=2(an+1-2an)∵bn=an+1-2an(n=1,2,…)∴bn+1=2bn.由此可知,数列{bn}是公比为2的等比数列;由S2=a1+a2=4a1+2,又a1=1,得a2=5故b1=a2-2a1=3∴bn=3·2n-1.1111112(2)(1,2,),,22222nnnnnnnnnnnnnnaaaaabcncc将bn=3·2n-1代入,得cn+1-cn=43(n=1,2,…)由此可知,数列{cn}是公差为43的等差数列,它的首项c1=,2121a1331(1).2444ncnn故311(3)(31)444ncnn∴an=2n·cn=(3n-1)·2n-2(n=1,2,…);当n≥2时,Sn=4an-1+2=(3n-4)·2n-1+2,由于S1=a1=1也适合于此公式,所以所求{an}的前n项和公式是:Sn=(3n-4)·2n-1+2.