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柱状图特点：1.柱状图是动态图表，切入点是描述趋势。2.柱状图写作注重“比较”(找出similarity)和“对比”(找出difference)。也就是说需要横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征，也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。3.有两种写作方式：其一是对不同时间段内的数据进行比较，适合于数据代表的物体较少且时间界限明确的情况。另外是对单独数据的全程描述，适合于描述数据对象很多且时间划定不清晰的情况。柱状图BarChart•柱状图•写法：•把相同属性的柱子顶端连起来•（1）趋势特征：线状图•（2）数据对比：饼状图1.more/fewer+n.+thane.g.更多的男性比女性选择了电视。MoremalesthanfemaleschosetheTV.2.more/less+adj.+thane.g.电视在男性中较在女性中更流行。TVismorepopularamongmalesthanfemales.3.themost/least+adj.e.g.最流行的交流方式是因特网。ThemostpopularformofcommunicationistheInternet.4.(not)asmany…ase.g.同样多的男性和女性选择了计算机。Asmanymalesasfemaleschosethecomputer.对两者进行比较的词汇副词的使用1.几乎一样多的小孩和成人看古代历史相关的电视节目。NearlyasmanychildrenasadultswatchTVprogrammesaboutancienthistory.2.过去更多的人居住在乡村而不是城镇。Inthepast,considerablymorepeoplelivedinthecountrysidethantowns.3.比男性稍微多一点的女性选择了自行车。Slightlymorewomenthanmenvotedforthebicycle.对两者进行比较的词汇1.whereas,but,while,although,though…+句子2.incomparisonwith,comparedwith…+n.对两者进行对比的词汇•ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.柱状图——线状图•四线图•分类•增长的car•减少的bus•波动的traintubeTrain,20%Car,5%Tube,30%Bus,40%TrainCarTubeBusTrain,28%Car,22%Tube,21%Bus,27%TrainCarTubeBus1960Train,21%Car,38%Tube,25%Bus,15%TrainCarTubeBus19802000ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.P1•ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.题目•Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatternsincommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and2000.P2•Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrosefromjustunder20%in1960toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in2000.P3•Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,fallingfromaround27%ofcommutersin1960to22%in1980,butclimbingbacktoreach25%by2000.P4•Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadilyfromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by2000,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960to27%in1980andonly15%in2000.P5•Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-2000,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin2000.YourTurn•ThechartsbelowshowthenumberofJapanesetouriststravellingabroadbetween1985and1995andAustralianshareoftheJapanesetouristmarket.•ThetablebelowshowsCO2emissionsfordifferentformsoftransportintheEuropeanUnion.Thechartbelowshowstheamountofleisuretimeenjoyedbymenandwomenofdifferentemploymentstatus.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.第一步：分析X轴和Y轴X1：性别genderX2：就业状态full-time,part-time,unemployed,retired,housewivesY：休闲时间hoursofleisuretime第二步：分析图表按X2的就业状态进行分类：注意“-”menwomenfull-time5037part-time-40unemployed8570retired8570housewives-54按X1男女人群分：男：最多unemployed和retired人群85；最少full-time50女：最多unemployed和retired人群70；最少full-time37第三步：确定框架有两种逻辑框架，第一是按照人群分类，共是5类人群；第二种是按照男女性别进行分类。结合图形，很明显就可以看出，5小类可以合并成3大类，employedfull-time,part-time算作工作族；unemployed，retired算作无工作族，housewives算作另类工作族。Thechartshowsthenumberofhoursenjoyedbymenandwomeninatypicalweekin1998–1999,accordingtogenderandemploymentstatus.开头段：Amongthoseemployedfull-time,menonaveragehadfiftyhoursofleisure,whereaswomenhadapproximatelythirty-sevenhours.Therewerenofiguresgivenformalepart-timeworkers,butfemalepart-timershadfortyhoursofleisuretime,onlyslightlymorethanwomeninfull-timeemployment.主体段：Intheunemployedandretiredcategories,leisuretimeshowedanincreaseforbothgenders,asmighthavebeenexpected.Heretoo,menenjoyedmoreleisuretime–overeightyhours,comparedwithseventyhoursforwomen,perhapsreflectingthefactthatwomenspendmoretimeworkinginthehomethanmen.Lastly,housewivesenjoyedapproximatelyfifty-fourhoursofleisuretimeonaverage.Therewerenofiguresgivenforhousehusbands.主体段：Overall,thechartdemonstratesthatinthecategoriesforwhichstatisticsonmaleleisuretimewereavailable,menenjoyedatleasttenhoursofextraleisuretimethanwomen.结尾段：多柱Thechartsbelowshowthelevelsofparticipationineducationandscienceindevelopingandindustrializedcountriesin1980and1990.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.多柱第一步：分析X轴和Y轴X1：年代1980和1990X2：国家经济状况：工业化国家和发展中国家Y1：学校受教育年限Y2：产出科学家和技术人员人数Y3：研发资金第二步：分析图表图1：学校受教育年限两者均升高，工业化国家比发展中国家高图2：产出科学家和技术人员人数两者均升高，工业化国家比发展中国家高图3：研发资金工业化国家降低，发展中国家升高，工业化国家比发展中国家高三幅图共同说明的趋势？差距越来越大！第三步：确定框架每个图均可以有两个逻辑发展顺序：按照industrialized和developing来写按照1980和1990两个年代来写Thechartsbelowshowthelevelsofparticipationineducationandscienceindevelopingandindustrializedcountriesin1980and1990.→Thesedatashowsthedifferencesbetweendevelopingandindustrializedcountries’participationineducationandscience.Thesedatashowshowthedevelopingandindustrializedcountriesparticipatedinscienceandeducation.开头段：Intermsof/Inrespectofthenumberofyearsofschoolingreceived,wecanseethatthelengthoftimepeoplespentatschoolinindustrializedcountrieswasmuchgreaterat8.5yearsin1980,comparedto2.5yearsindevelopingcountries.Thegapwasincreasedfurtherin1990whenthefiguresroseto10.5yearsand3.5yearsrespectively.(Thelengthoftimepeoplespentatschoolinindustrializedcountrieswas6year