非常规油气藏射孔技术.

非常规油气藏开发中的特殊射孔技术PerforationTechnologyforUnconventionalOil&GasReservoirs西安通源石油科技股份有限公司TONGOILTOOLSCO,.LTD发言人：成建龙CHENGJIANLONG一.前言Preface三.定面射孔技术与水平井泵送分段多簇射孔工艺六.结束语Conclusion二.非常规油气藏开发中射孔所面临的问题及解决方法四.直井（斜井）定射角定方位射孔工艺五.水平井多级复合深穿透射孔技术Problems&SolutionsofPerforationTechnologyDuringExploitationofUnconventionalOil&GasReservoirsMulti-clusterHoles-in-planePerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellboreAngledandDirectionalPerforationTechnologyforVertical&DeviatedWellsMulti-stageFracGunSDPPerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellbore一.前言Preface三.定面射孔技术与水平井泵送分段多簇射孔工艺六.结束语Conclusion二.非常规油气藏开发中射孔所面临的问题及解决方法四.直井（斜井）定射角定方位射孔工艺五.水平井多级复合深穿透射孔技术Problems&SolutionsofPerforationTechnologyDuringExploitationofUnconventionalOil&GasReservoirsMulti-clusterHoles-in-planePerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellboreAngledandDirectionalPerforationTechnologyforVertical&DeviatedWellsMulti-stageFracGunSDPPerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellbore●近年来，我国常规工业油气田完井射孔技术得到了长足发展。特别是在超穿深透射孔弹的研制、复合射孔新技术的研究与应用、射孔增产工艺技术研究以及射孔与测试、压裂、酸化等措施联作技术开发等方面的都取得了很大的发展。Inrecentyears,greatprogresseshavetakenplaceincompletionandperforationtechnologyforconventionaloil&gasfieldsinChina,especiallysuccessfulresearchofSDPperforatingcharge,combinedperforation,combinedprocess,etc.●常规工业油气田射孔技术的大力发展为我国在低渗透油藏开发、老井增产技术改造提高采收率以及提高完井作业效率和效果等方面起到了非常重要的作用。同时也大大缩短了我国与国外发达国家在射孔技术发展领域的差距。TheseadvanceshavegreatlyreduceddifferencesbetweenChinaandotherdevelopedcountriesinperforationtechnology,suchasexploitationoflowpermeabilityreservoir,wellstimulation,enhancedoilrecovery(EOR),etc.1、我国常规工业油气田射孔技术发展概况Developmentofperforationtechnologyforconventionaloil&gasfieldsinChina一.前言Preface●在长期的射孔技术研究不断总结经验提高认识的基础上，已经形成了包括射孔产品、射孔工艺、射孔测试、射孔软件等四大技术体系以及系列产品工艺技术标准，支撑射孔技术的不断发展。Fourmajortechnicalsystemsincludingproducts,processes,testingandsoftwareofperforationandtechnicalstandardsofseriesofproductshaveestablishedtosupportthecontinuousdevelopmentofperforationtechnology.●射孔工程优化设计是现在和未来国内外射孔研究领域所广泛关注的热门课题，射孔工程优化设计是根据油气井的井筒参数、油层地质参数等对射孔参数进行优化的计算机软件系统。该系统的建立将会促进射孔技术紧密结合油气藏特征向个性化、智能化发展。Engineeringoptimizationdesignofperforationisahottopicwidelyconcernedbyperforationresearcherdomesticandoverseasatpresentandinthefuture.Thiswillpromotedevelopmentofperforationtechnologycloselycombiningoilandgasreservoircharacteristicstowardspersonalizationandintelligence.一.前言Preface1、我国常规工业油气田射孔技术发展概况Developmentofperforationtechnologyforconventionaloil&gasfieldsinChina2、在非常规油气藏射孔技术研究方面应关注的问题Crucialcontentsofresearchonperforationtechnologyforunconventionaloil&gasreservoirs一.前言Preface常规工业油气藏储层特点Featureofconventionaloilandgasreservoirs●常规工业性油气藏大多已砂岩储层为主，孔隙度及渗透率相对较高，地层压力也较高，通过常规的射孔完井技术就可直接形成生产力。mainlyinsandstones,highporosityandpermeability,highformationpressure.capacityisachievedthroughconventionalperforationandcompletiontechnology.非常规油气藏储层特点Featuresofunconventionaloilandgasreservoirs●非常规油气藏储层一般渗透率都极低，比如页岩气藏通常有纳米达西级孔隙，储层特征与油气储存方式与常规油气藏有所不同，利用常规射孔完井技术很难形成生产能力；extremelylowpermeability,suchasNanoDarcygrade,difficulttoproduceandstimulate.●在我国非常规油气藏开发中，如页岩气藏大约98%的井都是采用套管固井，射孔+水力压裂完井是目前开发非常规油气藏最主要的技术。DuringdevelopmentofunconventionaloilandgasreservoirsinChina,casingcementingisadoptedat98%wellsofshalegasreservoirs.Perforationcombinedwithhydraulicfracturingaremainlytechnologyincurrent.对射孔的关注点和要求不同Differentconcernandrequirementonperforation●常规油气藏的射孔主要关注于如何能够有效解决近地带的污染，改善近井带地层的渗流特性，提高井筒附近的导流能力，射孔后即投产；effectivelysolvedamagenearwellbore,improveseepagefeaturesandflowconductivity.●非常规油气藏一般都要采用水力压裂完井才能获得工业产能，射孔则更多地关注以下三个方面：①如何在井壁上获得更大的流通泄流面积；②能够有效降低水力压裂压力，起到降压増注的作用；③科学引导压裂裂缝延伸方向、诱导压裂裂缝与天然裂缝的沟通、促进缝网系统形成，提高产能。Threeaspectsareconcernedinperforationasbelow:A.morelargerdrainageareaonwellbore.B.effectivelyreducehydraulicfracturingpressure.C.conductextendeddirectionoffracturetoformfracturenetworksystem.一.前言Preface2、在非常规油气藏射孔技术研究方面应关注的问题Crucialcontentsofresearchonperforationtechnologyforunconventionaloil&gasreservoirs一.前言Preface三.定面射孔技术与水平井泵送分段多簇射孔工艺六.结束语Conclusion二.非常规油气藏开发中射孔所面临的问题及解决方法四.直井（斜井）定射角定方位射孔工艺五.水平井多级复合深穿透射孔技术Problems&SolutionsofPerforationTechnologyDuringExploitationofUnconventionalOil&GasReservoirsMulti-clusterHoles-in-planePerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellboreAngledandDirectionalPerforationTechnologyforVertical&DeviatedWellsMulti-stageFracGunSDPPerforationTechnologyforHorizontalWellbore●非常规油气藏一般都要采用水力压裂完井，因此射孔不仅仅要关注解决近井带的问题，需要更好地配套压裂工艺，使压裂效果达到最优化。Inexploitationofunconventionaloilandgasreservoirs,hydraulicfracturingaregenerallymainwellcompletionmethod.Perforationdoesn’tonlyconcernnear-well-bore,butalsomatchesfracturingprocessinordertooptimizefractureeffectiveness.●目前各种压裂参数的选择主要集中在如何科学引导压裂裂缝延伸方向产生主裂缝的同时有效沟通天然裂缝和压裂诱导缝,即产生有效的缝网系统。Theselectionofvariousfractureparametersfocusoncreatingmainfractureaswellaseffectivelyconnectingnaturalfracturestoestablisheffectivefracturenetworksystem.●有效缝网系统的形成取决于原地应力各向异性的大小、射孔参数、压裂施工的参数、裂缝间距及裂缝几何尺寸等，射孔参数是影响有效缝网系统形成的主要因素之一。Perforationparameterisoneofmainfactorsaffectingtoformfracturenetworksystem.●常规聚能射孔大多采用螺旋布孔方式，射孔后，在井筒套管内表面形成螺旋状均布排列的多个孔眼，这种布孔方式用于直井和水平井中时，对最终的水力压裂效果大不一样。Multipleholesarearrangedspirallyoncasingandwellb