非文学翻译(口译) week 10

1翻译讲评Dieselengineoperatingfeatures(paragraph2)Nowletuscomparethedieselenginewiththegasolineengine.Firstly,theexplosivemixtureofthegasolineengineisprovidedbyacarburettor,butinthecaseofthedieselenginethesupplyiseffectedbyaninjectionorjerkpumpwhichforcesashotoffuelintoeachcylinderinturnaccordingtothecorrectfiringsequence.explosivemixture爆炸性混合物/（可）爆燃混合气thesupply=thesupplyoftheexplosivemixturetoeffect=tobringabout;tocausesthtooccur使产生；使发生…thesupplyiseffectedby…=…themixtureissuppliedby…aninjectionorjerkpump=an2injectionpumpor“jerk”pumpinjectionpump喷射泵/喷油泵jerkpump高压燃油喷射泵/脉动作用泵译：现在，让我们比较一下柴油发动机和汽油发动机。首先，汽油发动机的爆燃混合气是由化油器提供的，而柴油机的爆燃混合气则由喷油泵（即脉动作用泵）提供，由喷油泵按照正确的点火顺序将燃油依次“射”入各汽缸。Secondly,thefundamentaldifferencebetweengasolineanddieselenginesisthatinthegasolineenginethesourceoftheheatforignitingthecharge,namely,anelectricspark,isgeneratedoutsidetheengine,andistaken,asitwere,intothewaitingchargeattherequiredinstant.a.thesourceoftheheat热源3b.thecharge燃料/混合燃气c.thesourceoftheheat=anelectricsparkd.asitwere:usedwhendescribingsomethinginawaythatisnotquiteexact可以说；可谓viz.,译：其次，汽油发动机与柴油发动机的基本区别在于：汽油机中用于点燃混合燃气的热源（即电火花）是在发动机外面产生的，可以说电火花总是在需要的时刻被引入待燃的混合气中。Inthedieselenginethesourceofheatforignitingthechargeiscreatedwithintheenginebycompressingpureairtoadegreethatwillinitiatecombustionandthen[by]injectingthefuelattherighttimeinrelationtothemovementofthecrankshaft.a.Thesourceofheatiscreatedbycompressing…andtheninjectingthe…b.toinitiatecombustion是什么在燃烧？是4空气还是燃料（charge）？译：而在柴油发动机中，用于点燃混合气的热源是在发动机内部产生的，方法是将纯空气压缩，直到燃料可以被引燃的程度，随后，因应曲轴的运动，燃油适时地喷入。Bothclassesofenginesareofverysimilarconstruction.Butasthedieselengineiscalledupontowithstandverymuchgreaterstressesduetohigherpressuresincylinders,ithastobeofmoresubstantialconstruction,andisthusheavier.a.construction结构b.stresses应力e.g.astressof240MPa/astressof200–1000Pa/astressof2900kg/cm2译：这两种发动机的结构是很相似的，但是由于柴油发动机汽缸内压强更高，它必须能够承受大得多的应力，因此它的结构必须5更加坚固，重量也更大些。Ingeneral,thedieselenginemayweighabout9.25kilogramsperkilowatt.Themostimportantadvantageofthegasolineengineisitslowerweightperkilowatt.Thegasolineengineforautomobilesweighsabout6.17kilogramsperkilowatt,andgasolineenginesforairplanesmayweighaslittleas0.77kilogramsperkilowatt.Thisadvantagepreventsthedieselenginefromreplacingthegasolineengineinsomeautomobilesandairplanes.一般来说，柴油机每千瓦重量可达9.25公斤。汽油机最重要的优点是每千瓦的重量较轻。用于汽车的汽油发动机每千瓦重量为6.17公斤，而用于飞机的汽油发动机的每千瓦重量最轻仅有0.77公斤。汽油机的这一优点使柴油机无法代替某些汽车以及飞机上使用的汽油发动机。6However,thedieselengineismoreefficient,becauseithasahighercompressionratio.Itsratiomaybeashighas16to1.Upto40percentofthechemicalenergyoftheburningfuelmaybechangedintomechanicalenergy.Inaddition,thedieselenginerunscoolerthanthegasolineengine.Thisadvantageisespeciallyobviousatlowerspeeds.Dieseloilisnotonlycheaperthangasoline,butalsosafertostore.MechanicalpropertiesofamaterialAmechanicallysoundstructurelikeabridgeontheriver然而，柴油发动机的效率更高些，因为柴油机具有较高的压缩比，可达16比I。高达40%的燃料燃烧产生的化学能可转化为机械能。此外，柴油发动机比汽油发动机的工作温度低。这一优点在低速运转时尤为明显。柴油不仅比汽油便宜，而且储存更为安全。7XIII．文化负载词汇--中外翻译策略比较1.运动会吉祥物：1）福娃、乐羊羊、盼盼2）Amik-Montreal1976AmikinIndianlanguagemeansbeaver.Thebeaverhasalwaysbeenassociatedwithhardwork.（Note:ThenameAmikisnottranslatedas“beaver”foruseinEnglishor“castor”inFrench.）3）Hodori-Seoul1988TheHoinHodoricomesfromtheKoreanwordfortiger,andDoriisacommonmasculinediminutive.4）Naranjito,mascotofFootballWorldCup,Spain,1982Thenamecomesfromnaranja,Spanishfororange,andthediminutivesuffix-ito5）Pique,mascotofFootballWorldCup,Mexico,1986Thenamecomesfrompicante,Spanish8forspicypeppersandsauces6）Ciao,mascotofFootballWorldCup,Italy,19907）GoleoVandPille,mascotofFootballWorldCup,Germany,2006Goleoisaportmanteauofthewordsgoalandleo,theLatinwordforlion.InGermany,Pilleisacolloquialtermforafootball2.饮食1)饺子，馒头，豆腐，汤圆，点心，茄汁，荔枝2)tofu,gyoza,sake,pizza,macaroni（通心粉）,spaghetti,ravioli,pasta（面条类）cappuccino,sauté（煎）,mayonnaise（蛋黄酱）,pâté（酱；馅饼）,foiegras（鹅肝酱）,Vodka,Champagne,CabernetSauvignonpickle,oshinko,sauerkraut,kimchi3.体育运动91)武术，太极拳，咏春拳WingTsun，截拳道JeetKuneDo，围棋，象棋，2)judo，taekundo，karate,go,MuayThai,kabaddi,canoe,épée,sabre,fleuret,4.音乐舞蹈1）唢呐，琵琶，京剧，昆曲，粤曲，采茶戏Tea-pickingOpera，客家山歌HakkaFolkSongs/Hakkamountainsongs2）cello,concerto,allegro,andante,tempo,libretto,ballet,soprano,scherzo,tango,samba,rumba,serenade,pasdedeux,pasdequatre,encore,waltz,khoomei(khuumei)5.称呼语3）老张，小李，陈老师，王师傅，李司机，何书记，4）MonsieurLafarge,MadameCurie,SignorinaMussolini,SignoriCampanini,SeñorSanAntonio,SeñoraNilda,FrauleinMaria,Führer,etc10--Ah!butSignore,—thebottlehadacork.Acork!...Oh!but—signore—justasyouplease！--Why,yes,FrauleinMariaWASmygovernessbeforegoingtoworkforthevonTrappfamily.Howeverdidyouknow?PHANTOM'SVOICE:I'mhere:ThePhantomoftheOpera...I'mhere:ThePhantomoftheOpera...RAOUL:Youfool,Isaidonlywhenthetimescomes!MARKSMAN:But,MonsieurleVicomte...PHANTOM'SVOICE:Nobuts!Foronce,MonsieurleVicomteisright.Sealmyfatetonight-Ihatetohavetocutthefunshortbutthejoke'swearingthinLettheaudiencein...letmyoperabegin!LesMiserables11--Goodafternoon,MonsieurleMaire.Thenewinspectorhasarrived.-Hewantstoreport.--That'sallright.Hedoesn'thaveto.--ButMonsieurleMaire