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轻型载货汽车后悬架钢板弹簧设计摘要悬架是保证车轮或车桥与汽车承载系统之间具有弹性联系并能传递载荷、缓和冲击、衰减振动以及调节汽车行驶中的车身位置等有关装置的总称。悬架最主要的功能是传递作用在车轮和车架之间的一切力和力矩，并缓和汽车行驶过不平路面时所产生的冲击，衰减由此引起的承载系统的振动，以保证汽车行驶的平顺性。本文讨论了汽车悬架的发展现状，对悬架的结构形式进行简单介绍，对影响悬架运动的各种因素进行分析，本文通过传统的设计计算方法和计算机技术相结合，以依维柯欧霸轻卡为原型车，详细设计计算了渐变刚度钢板弹簧后悬架。文中首先介绍了悬架系统领域的研究与设计及其发展现状和趋势；其次详细概述了悬架系统对汽车平顺性和操纵稳定性的影响；再次着重阐述了钢板弹簧悬架设计的详细步骤和设计要求，各主要零部件结构的选型及计算；板簧弧高及曲率半径的计算，材料强度、刚度的验算、校核；减振器的选取。关键词：轻型载货汽车，后悬架，钢板弹簧悬架，减震器DESIGNOFLIGHTTRUCKSUSPENSIONWITHLEAFSPRINGABSTRACTSuspensioninvolvessomerelatedcomponents,whichexisttoguaranteeelasticcontactbetweenwheelsoraxleandthecarryingsystem.Italsohasagreatcontributionintransferringtheload,cushioningtheimpact,attenuatingvibration,andregulatingthepositionofthebodyoftherunningcar.Apartfromthetransformationofforceandmomentbetweenwheelsandframe,ithelpscushiontheimpactwhenunevenroadsurfaceisencountered,underminethefollowingvibrationofcarryingsystem,asaresult,provideagreatpossibilityofsmoothlyrunning.Thispaperdiscussesthecurrentdevelopmentofvehiclesuspension,givesabriefintroductionofthestructuralformofsuspension,analyzefactorswhichhaveinfluenceonsuspensionmovement.Thisarticlethroughthetraditionaldesigncalculationmethodandcomputertechnology,combiningwithIVECOLightTruckTireastheprototype,thecardesigncalculationaftergradientstiffness&leafspringsuspension.Thispaperfirstlyintroducesthesuspensionsystemresearchanddesignanddevelopmentstatusquoandtendency;Secondlydetailedoverviewofthesuspensionsystemandmanipulationstabilitycomfortabilityinfluences;Introducesemphaticallytheleafspringagainsuspensiondesignprocessesoftheshipunladesanddesignrequirements,thestructureofthemainpartsselectionandcalculation,leaf-springcurvature,materialstrength,stiffnesscheckingandchecking,shockabsorberselectionandinstallationAnglecalculation.KEYWORDS：Lighttruck,rearsuspension,leafspringsuspension,shockabsorber目录摘要.........................................................................1ABSTRACT.....................................................................1第一章研究背景..............................................................11.1课题研究背景............................................................11.2国外研究概况............................................................11.3国内研究概况............................................................31.4本课题的研究意义和研究内容..............................................61.4.1研究意义.............................................................61.4.2研究内容.............................................................71.4.3研究方法.............................................................81.5本章小结................................................................9第二章钢板弹簧悬架结构分析.................................................102.1钢板弹簧概述...........................................................102.2钢板弹簧悬架的基本结构和工作原理.......................................132.2.1钢板弹簧悬架的基本结构..............................................132.2.2钢板弹簧悬架的工作原理..............................................142.3本文设计采用的结构形式.................................................152.3.1板簧悬架............................................................152.3.2空气悬架............................................................162.3.3橡胶悬架............................................................162.3.4总结................................................................162.4悬架系统各主要零部件选型...............................................172.4.1叶片断面............................................................172.4.2叶片的端头形状......................................................182.4.3钢板弹簧与车架的连接形式的确定......................................192.4.4吊耳及钢板弹簧销的结构..............................................192.4.5钢板弹簧卷耳和衬套..................................................192.4.6弹簧夹箍............................................................202.4.7钢板弹簧中心螺栓....................................................202.5技术经济分析...........................................................20第三章悬架系统主要性能参数的确.............................................233.1悬架静挠度和动挠度的选择...............................................233.2悬架弹性特性...........................................................243.3后悬架主、副簧刚度的分配关系...........................................253.4悬架侧倾刚度及其在前、后轴的分配.......................................26第四章钢板弹簧悬架的计算...................................................284.1初选参数...............................................................284.1.1主片长度............................................................284.1.2断面尺寸及片数的确定................................................284.2各片长度的确定.........................................................314.3钢板弹簧的刚度验算.....................................................324.4总成在自由状态下的弧高及曲率半径计算...................................334.4.1.弹簧总成自由弧高的确定..............................................334.4.2．各片副簧自由状态下曲率半径的确定...................................344.5钢板弹簧总成弧高的核算.................................................35第五章设计图纸.............................................................37第六章结论.............................................................