教师寄语:Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。-1-高一下学期英语学案编号:14编写人:审核人:备课组长:课题Unit5Grammar教师备课(学生笔记)Contents同位语从句用法小结在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如:Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如:Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。ThestorygoesthathefailedintheCollegeEntranceExaminationsagain.据说他高考(高考新闻,高考说吧)又落榜了。二、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。例如:Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。注:在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如:Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.同位语从句:that有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostpone.Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.以下名词常用于以上句型:advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word教师寄语:Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。-2-同位语从句:whetherwhether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。Ihavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句:whatwhat可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句:howhow可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词It'saquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句:who等who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.三、同位语从句的语气在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule(should)beadopted.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。Thegovernmentgavetheorderthatallthesehouses(should)bepulleddowninthreeweeks.四、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别(1)从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别①.有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.(同位语从句)我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.(同位语从句)我不知道他发生了什么事。②同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分,且不可省略;定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略。试比较:WeweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthattheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamhadwonthematch.(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分。)听到中国女排获胜的消息我们极为高兴。Thenews(that)hetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,that可省略。)他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)教师寄语:Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。-3-我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(2)从词类上区别同位语从句所说明的名词常是抽象名词,如idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order。定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词甚至整个句子。Ihavenoideawhenhewillsetout.(同位语从句)我不知道他什么时候出发。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.(定语从句)1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.。(同位语从句)人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.(定语从句)我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(3)从性质上区别同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对前面的抽象名词进行补充说明,而且可以用此抽象名词作主语,把同位语从句改为表语从句;定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是对其先行词的修饰或限制,不宜改为此类表语从句。例如:Thenthequestionarosewhereweweretogetthemachineneeded.(同位语从句)→Thequestionwaswhereweweretogetthemachineneeded.然后就产生这样一个问题,我们上哪儿去找所需要的机器。Couldyoutellmethereasonwhysherefusedtogoabroad?(定语从句)你能否告诉我她为什么不愿意出国?此句不可改为:Thereasoniswhysherefusedtogoabroad.【高考链接】1.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as2.____isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(2001上海春)A.There;thatBIt;thatCThere;whetherDIt;whether3.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.(06天津)A.thatB.whichC.untilD.ifB.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass_____hehadtomeethisuncleintheairport.(06重庆)A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because5.—It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.(06四川)—ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,____wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when6.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome_____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.(06安徽)A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which7.There’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis---not教师寄语:Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。-4-ever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what8.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmes.(2004上海春)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether9.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeing