钢结构与钢筋混凝土结构抗震优势比较一、材料分析比较“地震力”是惯性力,混凝土结构质量大,惯性力大;钢结构质量小,惯性小。所以在相同的地震作用下,混凝土结构受到很大的力,钢结构受到的力小。这是外因。内因,钢结构材料强度高,耗能强,是延性材料,有屈服台阶,通过包络曲线来耗能。而混凝土是脆性材料!钢结构所用的是钢材最低是用Q235,大部分的钢结构材料用的都是Q345。钢结构的阻尼比一般在0.01-0.02之间,钢筋混凝土结构的阻尼比一般在0.03-0.08之间。阻尼比小,在地震力作用下,变形大,因为钢结构韧性好,通过变形消耗地震能量,且容易恢复。钢结构较为柔软主要通过弹塑性变形吸收能量,较混凝土而言脆断的可能性低得多,一般认为10层以下的钢结构建筑物基本不会发生倒塌事故。二、结构设计计算方式分析钢结构采用弹性理论设计的,其构件能够在地震小幅度变形后再恢复;而钢筋混凝土结构是刚性理论设计的,不能变形,就不能吸收地震的能量。跨度越大越实惠,可回收,环保符合绿色建筑理念由于钢材塑性、韧性好,可有较大变形,能很好地承受动力荷载,其次钢材匀质性和各向同性好,属理想弹性体,最符合一般工程力学的基本假定,因此,钢结构的抗震性能比钢筋混凝土结构的抗震性能好。三、模型分析1、钢结构在荷载作用下的位移变形2、混凝土在相同荷载作用下的位移变形荷载表格2层梁恒载2层楼板活荷载2层楼板恒荷载屋顶板活荷载屋顶板横荷载屋顶梁恒载10KN/M23KN/M23KN/M23KN/M25KN/M25KN/M2以上结构为钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构模型,两种结构在相同的荷载作用下,钢结构沿1、2、3轴的位移分别是0.00919mm、-0.00570mm、-15746mm。钢筋混凝土沿1、2、3轴的位移分别是0.00909mm、-0.00909mm、-0.15255mm。从模型位移分析里看,加上钢结构震后快速恢复的特点,而混凝土结构属于刚性结构,变形后不可恢复原形,从而钢结构在抗震的方面要优于钢筋混凝土结构。四、综合分析从两种结构的材料分析和设计计算方式比较,模型分析比较,能很明确的知道钢结构建筑从抗震和结构稳定性来看,都优于钢筋混凝土结构建筑,这也是欧美发达国家50%以上的建筑为钢结构建筑的原因。TheEarthquakeadvantageofsteelframestructureandconcretestructure1、ThematerialanalysisSeismicforceistheinertiaforce,thequalityofconcretestructuresisbiggestthansteelframestructure;sotheinertiaforcesofconcretestructuresisbiggestthanthesteelframestructures.inthesameearthquake,concretestructuresubjecttoconsiderableforce,thesteelstructureissmaller.thisisexternalreason.steelframestructurehavehighstrengthsteelmaterials,ductilematerials,energyconsumptionisfast,yieldstepsisbenefittoenergyconsumption.ButConcretestructureisabrittlematerial.SteelstructurewiththeminimumofsteelQ235,mostofthesteelmaterialsusedareofQ345.Thesteelstructureofthedampingratioisgenerallybetween0.01-0.02,thedampingofreinforcedconcretestructuresthantheaveragebetween0.03-0.08.Thedampingratiosmaller,theseismicforcehavelargedeformation,thesteeltoughnessisgood,theseismicenergyconsumptionbydeformation,soeasytorestore.Thesteelstructureisrelativelysoft;absorbenergythroughelastic-plasticdeformationthantheconcrete,thepossibilityofbrittlefractureismuchlower,generallybelowthe10-floorsteelbuildingsdonotcollapseaccidentoccurred.2、TheanalysiscomparisonoftwostructuraldesigncalculationsSteelstructuredesignedusingthetheoryofelasticity;itscomponentscanrecoveryafterearthquakedeformation,reinforcedconcretestructureisrigiddesigntheorycannotbedeformed,itcannotabsorbtheenergyoftheearthquake,soSpanbiggerandmoreaffordable,recyclable,environmentalprotectionandmeetthegreenbuildingconcept。Steelductility,toughness,largedeformation,canwellwithstandthedynamicloads,andSteelhomogeneousandisotropic,isanidealelastomer。Conformwithbasicassumptionofthegeneralengineeringmechanics,sotheseismicperformanceofsteelstructuresisbetterthanconcretestructures.3、StructuralmodelanalysisLoadformfirstfloorbeamdeadloadfirstfloorslabLiveloadfirstfloorslabdeadloadrooffloorslabliveloadroofslabdeadloadroofbeamdeadload10KN/M23KN/M23KN/M23KN/M25KN/M25KN/M2(1)、Displacementdeformationofthesteelstructureintheloads(2)、DisplacementdeformationoftheconcretestructureinthesameloadsTheabovestructureofsteelandreinforcedconcretestructuralmodel。Twostructuresinthesameloads,Thesteelstructurealongthe1,2,3axisdisplacementis:0.00919mm、-0.00570mm、-15746mm。Reinforcedconcretealongthe1,2,3axisdisplacementis0.00909mm、-0.00909mm、-0.15255mm。thedisplacementanalysisfromthemodelanalysis,andthecharacteristicsoffastrecoveryinthesteelstructureaftertheearthquake,theconcretestructureisarigidstructure,deformationcannotrestoreaftertheprototype,steelstructuresissuperiortoreinforcedconcretestructureinseismicareas。4、AcomprehensiveanalysisMaterialsanalysisanddesignmethodofcalculation,modelanalysisandcomparison,thetwostructuresisveryclearthatweknowthesteelconstructionofseismicandstructuralstability,superiortoreinforcedconcretestructures,whichisthedevelopedcountriesinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmorethan50percentoftheconstructionofsteel。thatisreason.