阅读翻译理论概述

翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。Translatingisthetranslatingofmeaning.Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.所谓翻译，是指从语义到文体（风格）在译语中用最贴近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。ConceptiveMeaningOnthewallofachurchinEnglandthereisasignthatsays,“Avisionwithoutataskisbutadream,ataskwithoutavisionisdrudgery,avisionandataskarethehopeoftheworld.”Hitler:“InthreeweeksEnglishwillbehungthenecklikechickens.”Churchill:“Somechicken,someneck.”ContextualMeaning吕叔湘：任何语言里的任何一句话，它的意义决不等于一个一个字的意义的总和，而还多些什么。按数学上的道理，二加二只能等于四，不能等于五。语言里可不是这样。Themeaningofthewordisitsuseinthelanguage.LudwigWittgenstein,BritishPhilosopher,1889-1951ContextualMeaningLoveStory:JennytoOliverWheredoIbegintotellthestoryofhowgreatalovecanbe.Thesweetlovestorythatisolderthanthesea,thesimpletruthabouttheloveshebringstome.WheredoIstart?“You’redrivinglikeamadman,”Jennysaid.“You’llkillusbeforeyourparentscanmurderus.”ContextualMeaningBernadineknewtheyweretellingthetruth.Hermothercouldbeabitchsometimes,butGenevalovedhergrandchildren.Shejusthadastrangewayofshowingit.Afterdrivingaschoolbusfortwenty-eightyears,shewassickofkids.Hergrandchildrenweretwoexceptions,althoughsometimesGenevahadtotellherselfthattheywereblood.TheVarietyofFormsinEnglishJohncriticizedBill.BillwascriticizedbyJohn.John’scriticismofBill.Bill’sbeingcriticizedbyJohn.ThecriticismofBillbyJohn.Bill’scriticismbyJohn.ThecriticizingofBillbyJohn.ItwasJohnwhocriticizedBill.ItwasBillwhowascriticizedbyJohn.FormalMeaning(EquivalenceinForm)Eightyearsinthebroadcastingbusinesshadmadehimdeftatsuchmaneuvering.译一：在广播界所干的八年使得他相当熟悉这套把戏了。译二：?FormalMeaning(EquivalenceinForm)Betterlatethanthelate.“It’sanorderfromPresidentBush.”“Idon’tcareifitisfrombush,tree,orgrass.”Wehadplentyofcompanyinthewayofwagonloadsandmule-loadsoftourists–anddust.MarkTwainATrampAbroadThedognosedthedooropen.Thelittleboatnosedcarefullybetweenrocks.FigurativeMeaningThemagicspadesofarchaeologyhavegivenusthewholelostworldofEgypt.译1：考古学家们的工作让我们了解整个古埃及的情况。译2：?FigurativeMeaningHecrasheddownonaprotestingchair.Andastothechapterofaccidentswhichcountsforsomuchinthebookofsuccess,Icouldonlyhopethatitwasclosed.Mr.Smith,boredwithlifeinthecity,decidedtomovetothecountry.Ashewasboredwithlifeinthecity,Mr.Smithdecidedtomovetothecountry.StylisticMeaningStyleofST(differentdegreesofformality)frozen,formal,consultative,casual,intimateThepersonalstyleoftheoriginalwriterStylisticMeaning“ButyoumustbelievemewhenItellyouthatIhavefounditimpossibletocarrytheheavyburdenofresponsibilityandtodischargemydutyaskingasIwouldwishtodo,withoutthehelpandsupportofthewomanIlove.”AndIwantyoutoknowthatthedecisionIhavemadehasbeenmine,andminealone.”“ButyoumustaccordmecredencewhenIstatetoyouthatIfounditimpossibletoenduretheheavyburdenofresponsibilityandtoconsummatethefulfillmentofmystewardshipaskingwithouttheassistanceandcooperationoftheladyuponwhomIhavebestowedmyaffection.…”Socio-culturalMeaningHewastheSolomonofhisage.译一：他是他那个时代的诸葛亮。译二：?Socio-culturalMeaningMyfirstteachingjobwasatahighschoolinGeorgia.HavingbeenbornandraisedintheNorth,Ihadsomeinitialdifficultyunderstandingmystudents’accents.Jokingly,Isaidtoonegirl,“IdowishyouSouthernerswouldspeakEnglish!”“Wedo.”Shereplied.“Well,it’snottheking’sEnglish,”Iprotested.“Sureitis,”shesaid.“Remember,ElviswasaSoutherner.”WHATareTRANSLATED?conceptivemeaningcontextualmeaningformalmeaningfigurativemeaninglinguisticstylisticmeaning→stylisticculturalmeaning→socio-culturalWhichmeaningtoretain?↓TheCriteriaofTranslationClassificationofTranslationTypesIntermsoflanguageinvolvedintralingualtranslationinterlingualtranslationIntermsofformofactivityinterpretation(consecutive,simultaneous)translation（应用文体，科技文体，论述文体，新闻文体，艺术文体）machinetranslation