DVT深静脉血栓形成-沉寂中的杀手中英文版北京会议

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看不见的威胁沉寂中的杀手Invisiblethreaten,silentmurderTongjiHospitalofTongjiUniversityWangLe-min同济大学附属同济医院王乐民DeepVeinThrombosis(DVT)Pulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞Character:特点concealment隐蔽性highmorbidity:高发病率incidenceofDVTinDept.ofsurgeryandinternalmedicineis56%fataloutcome常常致命深静脉血栓形成DVT静脉血栓形成HyperfunctionofBloodclotting凝血功能亢进+Slowbloodflow血流缓慢DamageofVein静脉壁损伤DVTThrombosis血栓形成Extend血栓延伸DVT深静脉血栓栓塞Defluxion脱落Ambulation迁移PE肺栓塞Death死亡EtiologyofHeritageThrombosis遗传性易栓症的病因1、Deficitofanticoagulation抗凝缺陷AT缺陷(AT)肝素辅因子ⅠⅠ缺陷(H-coⅠⅠ)蛋白C缺陷(PC)蛋白C缺陷(PS)TEPI缺陷凝血因子VLeiden突变凝血酶原G20210A突变2、Deficitoffibrolysis纤溶缺陷异常纤维蛋白原血症纤溶酶原缺陷(PLG)T-PA缺陷PAI-1过多TAFI过多因子XⅠⅠ缺陷(FXⅠⅠ)3、DeficitofMetabolism代谢缺陷高半胱氨酸血症(MTHFR突变)(HC)富组氨酸糖蛋白血症(HRG)4、Hyperfunctionofbloodclotting凝血功能亢进因子VⅠⅠⅠ增多因子ⅠX增多因子XⅠ增多因子VⅠⅠ增多Acquiredthrombosisandriskfactor获得性易栓症及其危险因素Trauma(创伤)Operation(手术)Caging(制动)Aging(增龄)Malignanttumor(恶性肿瘤)Gravidity(妊娠)Heartfailure(心功能衰竭)Dropsicalnephritis(肾病综合症)Oralcontraceptiveagent(口服避孕药)DVT:importance问题的重要性DVT2000000PostthrombsyndromePE600000Death60000PAH30000Low:age<40,smallOperation,nootherriskfactorsHierarchyofriskforVEinsurgicalpatients外科病人静脉血栓危险分层(ACCP)Medium:age>40,bigoperation,nootherriskfactorsHigh:age>40,bigoperation,hasanotherriskfactor(MI,tumor,hypercoagulabalestate)Veryhigh:age>40,operationcombiningmultiriskfactors(Cancer,stroke,serioustrauma,spinedamage……)Precautionforthrombbefore&duringoperation,andatleast5weeksafteroperationDVT40%-80%(proximumdeepvein15%-50%)mortalityofPE0.3-0.5%Lackofprecautionforhighriskpatients高危病人未作预防IncidenceofPEinhospitalizedpatientsPE在医院病人中的发生率00.10.20.30.40.501020304050607080age(years)Annualyincidence%PE:maincauseofdeathinUS美国死亡的主要病种MortalityofEmbolismdiseasesishigherthansumofAIDS,,breastcancerandtrafficaccidentinUSDiseaseAnnualmortalityPE>200000AIDS13426BC(乳腺癌)40200Trafficaccident(高速公路灾难)41800unexplainedevent(意外事件)97835CAD459841AutopsyresearchofFuwaiHospital阜外医院尸解研究报道:900casesPEabovesegmentoccupied11%amongalltheCVDsPE:AutopsyresearchofAsia亚洲尸体解剖研究8publishedresearches:ChineseHK3Japan3Singapore1Tailand1(1958~1994)IncidenceoffatalPE:ChineseHK4.7%Japan6.0%closetowesterncountries(4.0%~13.0%)PE:AutopsyresearchofAsia亚洲尸体解剖研究FatalorcontributoryPEinautopsystudies尸解研究中的致死性PE2010%6.0%0.2%13.0%4.0%AsianstudiesWesternstudiesPE:AutopsyresearchofAsia亚洲尸体解剖研究Incidenceoffatalandnon-fatalPEisclosetowesterncountriesIncidenceofPEinAsiancountriestendstobehigherProblemsinChina国内目前存在的问题(1)1、缺乏足够的流行病学资料2、不同医院、科室及医生对血栓预防的认识存在较大差异3、医生依靠临床经验,远多于应用以循症医学为依据的指南进行工作ProblemsinChina目前存在的问题(2)4、对高危病人,也未充分实用预防措施5、需要易操作的早期识别方法,需要简单、易操作的危险分级方案和防治指南Strategy对策(1)提高医生和病人对于静脉栓塞疾病的认识❖更多的国内流行病学资料❖继续教育:静脉栓塞疾病的危险性、诊断方法和血栓预防指南❖危险评估:使用更简单的方法❖预防措施:对不同危险分级的病人进行疗效-利益评估Strategy对策(2)❖加强学科间联系和交流,建立对静脉栓塞疾病立体化的防治网络-心内科、血管外科、呼吸内科、急诊科、监护中心、普通外科、骨科、肿瘤科、妇产科、泌尿外科、老年科…Strategy对策(3)❖充分发挥多学科专家的咨询、指导作用❖提出观点比较明确、内容比较具体、措施比较可行的早期识别和“预防指南”,供国内广大医院与医师参与使用Conclusion:VEisaroundus!静脉栓塞就在我们身边❖一种常见与遗传与环境相关静脉血栓性疾病❖高发病率、高死亡率、高误诊率❖是无声而潜在的杀手❖多数可以预防和治疗❖我们已经做的,比我们应该做的少得多❖情况已有所改善PEManagementafterOperation术后发生PE如何对应EtiologyofAcutePE急性肺栓塞发生机制与相关脏器Shape形状Concentrateandreflux集中回流否DegreeofPAclog阻塞肺A程度Clinicaltype临床类型VE静脉血栓Indicationofinterventionaltherapy介入性治疗的适应症(1)seriousandacutePE(2)unstablehomodynamic(3)thrombolytictherapyfailortaboo(4)PCPStaboo(5)skilleddoctorsforcatheteroperationCategoryofinterventionaltherapy介入性治疗方法的种类Percutemcatheterthrombolysis经皮导管溶栓术RUpulmonaryarteryshowedBFdefectunderPulmonaryarteriography肺动脉造影可见右肺中下叶动脉血流缺损ImagingofPulmonaryarteriographyduringthrombolysisbyUK用尿激酶溶栓期间肺动脉造影图像BFofpulmonaryarteryshowedsmoothafterthrombolysis溶栓后,右肺中、下叶动脉血流畅通Percutemthromb-suctionoperation经皮导管吸栓术Beforeclotsuction血栓抽吸前Afterclotsuction血栓抽吸后Clotsuckedbycatheter导管吸出的血栓Thromb-crashedoperationbypercutemcatheterandguidewire经皮导管、导丝、球囊碎栓术SelectiveopacificationforRUCAby7FPTCAguidecatheterRUpulmonaryarteryshowedBFdefect7F右冠PTCA导引导管选择造影,右肺上动脉血流缺损Pulmonaryarteriographyby5FpigtailcatheterRUpulmonaryarteryshowedBFdefect5F猪尾导管肺动脉造影,可见右肺上动脉,血流缺损Imagingafterthromb-crashedOPby7Fguidecatheterandwirecontrastagentcouldpassbypartly,Floatingclotappearedclearly(arrowmarked)7F导引导管和泥鳅导丝碎血栓后造影,造影剂可部分通过,浮游血栓清晰可见(箭头所指)PreAfterAfterPre0102030405060(mmHg)58.339.6n=12n=120123454.14.8PASPSD(l/min)EffectofsuctionoperationthroughcatheterforacutePE急性PE导管吸栓术的效果

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