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*1*语法复习专题非谓语动词概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be+todosth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。Hisjobistoguard.(说明内容)Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,＿＿＿＿＿itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmakeHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenbe+todosth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必将发生的，或表示命令等口吻)翻译:这项计划得提前三天完成.（2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+todo形式。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemetIdon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.(2004高考辽宁卷)A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decidewhattodo..,wonderhowtodealwithsth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。示例:名称形式语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式todo/tobedone√√√√√√tobedoing√(经常)√tohave(been)done√√动名词doing√√√√现在分词doing√√√√having(been)done√(动作完成)过去分词done√√√√可代替havingbeendone*2*1).I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpectC．tobeexpectingD．expects2).ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit3).Themotherdidn'tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.what（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：主语+ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like/advise/allow/cause/consider/encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.todo.sth.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoThepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatingMyadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake③主语+think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/consider+sb.+tobe/tobedoing/tohavedone注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要注意不定式被动语态的使用。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying④主语+callon/upon/dependon/waitfor/askfor+sb.+todosth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly等。Ihave______________________(一个出国留学的机会)。Heis_________________(第一个上学的)and__________________(最后一个离校的)②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。onlytodo．．．．．．．．表示出人意料的结．．．．．．．．果。．．*3*Tosleepwell,Iturnedoffthealarmclock.Wehurriedtotheclassroomonlytofindnonethere.inorder(not)to,soas(not)to用来引导目的状语,enoughto,so…astodo,such+名词…astodo作结果状语，如:Thegirlwassokindastohelp．．．．．．．．．．．．．．theoldmanoffthebus.I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.Youweresillynot____yourcar.(2004高考湖南卷)A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedHelenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.(2004高考广西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginventedRobertissaid________abroad.butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC．tobestudyingD．tohavebeenstudying此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。I’msorry___________________foraminute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）I’msorry_______________________forsolong.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）shouldliketo/wouldliketo/wouldloveto+不定式的完成时。（B）was/wereto+不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish+不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用：was/weregoingtodo或was/wereabouttoIwouldloveto_______thepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone--Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?--I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did（7）不定式的省略。①同一结构并列由and或or连接。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkand(to)gohome.I’mreallypuzzledwhattothinkor(to)say.特例：Tobeornottobe,thisisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)*4*②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。Whathedidwas(to)losethegame.③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、suchas等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Don’tdoanythingsilly,suchasmarryhim.比较：havenothingtodobutdo/havenothingbuttodohavenochoicebuttodo/can’t(help)butdo④主句含有不定式，后面有ratherthan,ratherthan后省to。Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersab