钢结构设计原理作业参考答案及考试范围

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P1073.3试设计如图所示双角钢和节点板间的角焊缝连接。钢材Q235-B,焊条E43型,手工焊,轴心拉力设计值N=500kN(静力荷载)。①采用侧焊缝;②采用三面围焊。解:角焊缝的强度设计值2160/wffNmm,焊缝内力分配系数为120.70,0.30KK。焊角尺寸:maxminminmax(1~2)8(1~2)7~61.51.5104.74ffhtmmmmmmhtmm取6fhmm①采用两边侧焊缝(转角处做绕角焊):110.7500350NKNkN,220.3500150NKNkN肢背计算长度:31135010260.420.720.76160wwffNlmmhf,取1270wlmm;肢尖计算长度:31215010111.6120.720.76160wwffNlmmhf,取2120wlmm;②采用三面围焊缝:正面角焊缝的长度等于相连角钢肢的宽度,即390wlbmm。3320.720.76901.22160147.57wfwffNhlfkN1132231147.570.750035073.79276.21221147.570.350015073.7976.2122NKNNkNNKNNkN311276.21106205.516211.5120.720.76160wfwffNlhmmhf,取1220wlmm;32276.2110656.70662.7020.720.76160wfwffNlhmmhf,取270wlmm。P1073.4有一托角钢,两边用角焊缝与柱相连,如图所示,钢材为Q345-A,焊条E50型,手工焊,试确定焊缝厚度(焊缝有绕角,焊缝长度可不减2hf)。已知:外力设计值N=400kN。解:角焊缝的强度设计值2200/wffNmm,20emm,400NkN,4000.028MNekNm。弯矩产生的正应力:332226681010600/22200feweeMNmmhlhh竖向力产生的剪应力:32400101000/22200feweeNNmmhlhh应满足:2222260010001241868.851.22fwffeeefhhh5.57ehmm7.950.7efhhmmminmax1.51.5186.36fhtmm综上所述取8fhmm。P1073.6如图所示梁与柱的连接中,钢材为Q235-B,弯矩设计值M=100kN.m,剪力设计值V=600kN,试完成下列设计和验算:(1)剪力V由支托焊缝承受,焊条E43型,手工焊,求焊缝A的高度hf;(2)弯矩M由普通螺栓承受,螺栓直径24mm,验算螺栓是否满足要求。解:(1)角焊缝的设计值2160/wffNmm,如图可知支托板采用三面围焊且有围角焊,焊缝计算长度可不减2fh。正面角焊缝承担:11.221603000.740992wffewffNfhlhh;侧面角焊缝承担:3216001040992wffewNNNhfhl33600104099216022500.7600106.1996992fffhhhmm取7fhmm(2)普通C级螺栓抗拉强度设计值2170/btfNmm,由题意知螺栓群受力为纯弯,因此中和轴位于最下排螺栓中心连线上,受拉最大的最外排螺栓所受拉力应为:331021122222410410010600106102(100200300500600)2(1492536)106104015010iNMyykN受拉最大的最外排螺栓所受拉应力为:32212244401088.46/170/3.1424bttNNmmfNmmd满足。P1073.8如图所示螺栓连接采用Q235-B级钢。C级螺栓直径d=20mm,求此连接最大能承受的Fmax值。解:由附表1.4查得:22140/,305/bbvcfNmmfNmm。因10604240151520300lmmdmm,不用考虑承载力折减系数。单个螺栓受剪承载力设计值:223.1420214087.9244bbvvvdNnfkN(双剪)单个螺栓承压承载力设计值:2020305122bbccNdtfkN则:min87.92bbvNNkN(由螺栓受剪承载力决定)此连接能承受的最大值:maxmin1387.921142.96bFnNkNP1725.3如习题5.3图所示,某焊接工字形等截面简支梁,跨度10m,在跨中作用一静力集中荷载,该荷载由两部分组成,一部分为恒载,标准值为200kN;另一部分为活载,标准值为300kN。荷载沿梁的跨度方向支撑长度为150mm。该梁在支座处设有支撑加劲肋。若该梁采用Q235B级钢制作,试验算该梁的强度、刚度是否满足要求。解:标准荷载:200300500kqkN设计荷载:1.22001.4300660qkN梁跨中设计荷载最大弯矩:max46601041650k/mMPLN荷梁自重:g0.30.020.0081.27.859.8(0.0120.0096)76.930.021676.931.66/AkNm0(2bt+th)=(2)自重设计荷载:1.21.661.992/qkNm梁跨中自重设计荷载最大弯矩:22max81.99210824.9k/mMqLN自梁跨中最大弯矩:maxmaxmax165024.91674.9k/mMMMN荷自对x轴惯性矩:23220x0410.812012()2302(1202)122122115200446520561720thIbthtcm对x轴截面模量:356172029060212022xxIWcmh1、正应力验算:622max31674.910176.06/205/1.05906010xnxMNmmfNmmW(2016tmm,2205/fNmm)满足。2、剪应力验算:6601.99210339.962222yPgLVkN00064111111()12008120030020(120020)242242144000036600005.110xShthbthtmm3622max6339.96105.11038.6/125/5617.2108yxvxVSNmmfNmmIt(816tmm,2125/vfNmm)满足。3、局部压应力验算:梁在支座处设有支撑加劲肋,不用验算支座处局压。52150520250ZyRlahhmm1.0321.066010330215/8250cZFfNmmtl(816tmm,2215/fNmm)不满足。4、对梁腹板计算高度边缘处折算应力验算:621161674.910600178.90/5617.210xnMyNmmI631300206103.6610Smm362116330103.661026.9/5617.2108xVSNmmIt2330/cNmm222222213178.90330178.90330326.932005.21108900590372170.8384039.04289.891.1215236.5/ZccfNmm不满足。5、刚度验算:2max(200300)1011.6610125020.751270.7548kMkNm2266561270.7510101010.982510102.06105617.210400kxMllmmmmEI满足。P1725.4如习题5.3中梁仅在支座处设有侧向支撑,该梁整体稳定能否满足要求。若不能,采用何种措施?解:3364y203002290101212bhImm6901064.5521600yyIimmA110000154.9264.55yyli11100.020.5380.31.24ltbh由附表3.1查得:0.730.180.827b1222243202351()4.44320216124154.9222350.8271()00.441.15010.5060.6154.9290604.4124235ybbbyxytAhWhf62max31674.910184.870.506205103.73/906010bxMfNmmW不满足。如在跨中设一侧向支撑点,则15000lmm。'1500077.4664.55yyli,'1.75b(见附表3.1)'1''2'22243202351()4.4432021612477.4622351.751()03.721.0413.870.677.4690604.4124235ybbbyxytAhWhf对'b进行修正:'''0.2820.2821.071.070.9973.87bb6'''2max31674.910184.870.997205204.39/906010bxMfNmmW此时满足稳定性要求。P2186.3试设计一工作平台柱。柱的轴心压力设计值为4500kN(包括自重),柱高6m,两端铰接,采用焊接工字形截面(翼缘为轧制边)或H型钢,截面无削弱,钢材为Q235。解:x轴为强轴,y轴为弱轴。00600,300.xylcmlcm(x向中间加支撑)。1、轧制H型钢截面:(1)初选截面:初选60,因0.8,bh属b类截面,查表得0.807。截面信息如下:322450010259.340.80721510reqNAcmf6001060300560oxxreqoyyreqlicmlicm选24004082121,251.5,16.8,9.73,xyHWAcmicmicm22116,205tmmmmfNmm。(2)截面验算:无孔洞削弱,可不必验算强度,热轧型钢局部稳定也不需验算。①刚度验算:y60035.71[]150,16.830030.83[]150,9.73oxxxoyylili满足;满足。②整体稳定:x,y两方向均为b类,由较大值35.71x,0.91532450010195.55205/,0.915251.55NfNmmA满足。2、焊接工字钢截面:(1)参照H型钢截面:翼缘:240024,腹板:1-40012参数如下:22402.4401.2240Acm3234112402.4402.4(1.220)21.24012129.21686292.48640092701.70xIcm334112402.41.240256005.7625605.761212yIcm92701.7019.6524025605.7610.33240xxreqyyreqIicmAIicmA(2)刚度和整体稳定性验算:无孔洞削弱,可不必验算强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