William-Shakespeare(免费)

WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)agreathumanist,agreatpoet,adramaticgenius,thegreatestplaywrightofalltime.amasteroflanguage37plays,twonarrativepoemsand154sonnets.SHAKESPEARE’SHOUSEHISLIFEbornonApril23,1564,inStratford-upon-AvonIn1582,marriedatage18,thenhad3children.In1586,leftforLondontomakeafortuneBy1584heemergedasarisingplaywrightinLondon,andbecamesoonacentralfigureinLondon’sleadingtheater,actedandwrotefortheLordChamberlain’sMen,laterrenamedastheKing’sMen.From1591to1611,theprimeofhisdramaticcareer.In1599anewtheater,calledTheGlobe,wasbuilt.In1603,Hamletwasfirstprinted.ShakespearediedonApril23,1616.TheGlobeTheater1599TheNewGlobeTheater1999FourPeriodsofHisDramaticCareera.PeriodofEarlyExperimentation(?-1594)b.PeriodofRapidGrowthandDevelopment(1595-1600)c.PeriodofGloomandDepression(1601-1607)d.PeriodofCalmafterStorm(1608-1612)1stperiod(upto1594):oneofexperimentation.Hisearlyplays,unlikehismorematurework,arecharacterizedtoadegreebyformalandratherobviousconstructionandbystylizedverse.5historyplaysand4comedies.1592-1598,hefinished154sonnets.ComedyHistoryTragedyPoetry(1)All'sWellThatEndsWell(2)AsYouLikeIt(3)TheComedyofErrors(4)Cymbeline(5)Love'sLaborsLost(6)MeasureforMeasure(7)TheMerryWivesofWindsor(8)TheMerchantofVenice(9)AMidsummerNight'sDream(10)MuchAdoAboutNothing(11)Pericles,PrinceofType(12)TamingoftheShrew(13)TheTempest(14)TroilusandCressida(15)TwelfthNight(16)TwoGentlemenofVeronaWinter'sTaleHenryIV,part1HenryIV,part2HenryVHenryVI,part1HenryVI,part2HenryVI,part3HenryVIIIKingJohnRichardIIRichardIIIAntonyandCleopatraCoriolanusHamletJuliusCaesarKingLearMacbethOthelloRomeoandJulietTimonofAthensTitusAndronicus154SonnetsALover'sComplaintTheRapeofLucreceVenusandAdonisFuneralElegybyW.S.SonnetsHewriteshissonnetsinthepopularEnglishform,threequatrainsandacouplet,withoccasionalvariation;Sonnets1-126:areaddressedtoabeautifulyoungmanonthethemeoffriendshipandbeauty.Sonnets127-152areaddressedtoadarklady,daughterofanItaliansingerinLondon,whowasShakespeare’smistress.Sonnets153-154areakindofepigram.thethemeofhistoricalplays•Shakespeare’shistoriesarepoliticalplays.•Theprincipalidea:nationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity.COMEDYThecomicvisionoftheworldisbrightandcelebratory.Darkelementsgivewaytojoy,loveandunderstanding.Comedyendshappily.CharactersofcomedyTwoimportantelementsofahappyendingaretheideaofthelostbeingfoundandmarriage.Marriageisthehappyconclusionoffallinginloveandthepromiseofbirthandnewlife.Itisasignoflove,harmonyandhope.Mistakenidentity,deception,anddisguisearecommonwaysoforganizingtheplots.THEMERCHANTOFVENICEBassanio---fortunehunterPortia---celebratedbeautyAntonio---themerchantShylock---theusurerItexposestheevilsofthesociety:greed,malice,racialprejudice,money-worship,injusticeandcruelty.ThemeofTheMerchantofVeniceThetraditionalthemeistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasagreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiatablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.ItisregardednowasasatireoftheChristians’hypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews.Shakespeare’sfourgreattragediesHamlet:fightingagainsttheoutsideevil;Othello:anoutwardevilcausesaman’sfall;KingLear:man’smistakessetfreetheevils;Macbeth:anoutwardevildestroysahero.HamletKingLearOthelloMacbethAlloftheseplaysexpressaprofounddissatisfactionwithlife.Theyshowthestruggleandconflictsbetweengoodandevilofthetime,betweenjusticeandinjustice.Intheseplays,thewritercondemnsthedarkandevilsociety.ThethemeoftragediesCommonsandweaknessbetweenthecharactersinhistragedies•Thefourgreatesttragedieshavesomecommoncharacteristicsincommon.Eachportraysanoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.•Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello’sinnerweaknessistakenadvantageofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldKingLear,unwillingtototallygiveuphispower,makeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity,andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtocrimes.ShakespeareanSonnetAShakespearean,orEnglishsonnetconsistsof14lines,eachlinecontainstensyllables,andeachlineiswritteniniambicpentameterinwhichapatternofanon-emphasizedsyllablefollowedbyanemphasizedsyllableisrepeatedfivetimes.TherhymeschemeinaShakespeareansonnetisABABCDCDEFEFGGinwhichthelasttwolinesarearhymingcouplet.Sonnet18Sonnet18isoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare,inwhichhehasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandtheeternalbeautybroughtforthbypoetrytotheoneheloves.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetrySonnet18:ideaanalysisTheideabeingtocomparethepoet’sbelovedtoasummer’sday.Untilline8,Shakespearehascomparedhisobjectofaffectiontoasummer’sday,whereasinlines9-14,theattentionisshiftedtowardsarguingthatpoetryisimmortal.ThiswayShakespeare’slove