我国鼠类防治研究进展

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【】.J.2015215437-443.196412。19821986-200520052011。5、1、6、41217162913268。。1211.1001762.1000261956。1966-1976。1976。1985。2000。。。、、。。。R184.35A1671-2781201505-0437-07AreviewofrodentpestscontrolinChinaGUOTian-yu1GUOHui-lin2LIULi-juan11.ChineseAcademyofInspectionandQuarantine100176BeijingChina2.BeijingEntry-exitInspectionandQuarantineBureauBeijing100026ChinaAbstractThelargescalerodentscontrolinurbanandruralareasinChinawasinitiatedin1956.Howeverduring1966-1976thepatriotichealthcampaignhaltedandrodents’controlwasignoredandneglected.Thefirstandsecond-generationanticoagulantrodenticidesemergedafter1976meanwhiletheresearchesonthecommercializationandpopularizationofpoisoningbaitsprogressedobviously.Andthescientificexperimentsofanticoagulantrodenticidesweresuccessfullyperformed.Since1985boththenationwidecommensalrodents’surveillancenetandanticoagulant·734·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.5resistancesurveillancenetwereestablished.Since2000thestandardoflow-densityofrodentshasbecomeaprerequisiteforthecertificationofNationalHealthcitywhichbyitselfpromptsintegratedrodentmanagementinChina.TheexistingknowledgeoftheintegratedrodentmanagementincludingenvironmentalphysicalandchemicalmethodsofrodentcontrolinChinaisreviewed.Analyzingandidentifyingexteriorsourcesofrodentstheextentandseverityofaninfestationthelocationofrodentharboragesandactivityareasareessentialelementstobedeterminedinthecompleteinspection.Onthebasisoftherodentsurveillancerodent-proofdevicesinconjunctionwithsanitaryeffortswhichmayreducerodentharboragefoodsourcesandimmigrationprovidethebestlong-termmanagementofcommensalrodentinfestation.ApplicationofanticoagulantrodenticideswhichprovidesagoodsolutiontotherodentproblemsisamajormeasureofrodentcontrolstrategiesinChina.Atpresentnewrodenticideshavebeenseenlittlebreakthrough.Howeverrodenticideformulationsbaitboxesandrodentmonitoringequipmentshaveexperiencedagreatdealofvariety.StudiesonanticoagulantresistancehavemadesubstantialprogressforexamplethetraditionallethalfeedingperiodLFPtestinghavinggivenwaytotheblood-clottingresponseBCRtestingandDNAsequencingsequentially.GBcriteriaontherodentsmonitoringmethodsdensitylevelsandeffectivenessevaluationmethodsofpoisoningbaithavebeenpromulgatedwhichhavemadetherodentscontrolabigstepforwardinbothscientificandstandardizingsense.Keywordsrodentcontrolanticoagulantrodenticidesrodent-proofdevicesenvironmentalmanagement1、、。1998-200811230002116。5%3181。、、、。1898。。、。1950。。。204050。2070。、。。1-4。1990120101254192277147Rattusrattus、Rattusnorvegicus、Musmusculus、Rattusexulans、Sciuruscarolinensis、Spermophilusbeecheyi、Mastomysnatalensis、Rattusargentiventer、Bandicotabengalensis、Thomomysspp.、Myocastorcoypus、Calomyslaucha、Aplodontiarufa、Bandicotaindica、Cynomysludovicianus。、、、、、。61%、、、、、、、。·834·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.5。。、。56。7-11。。、、。。、、、、。“”。700“”。。12。。。13-18。219561956-19761976。1956“”。“”、、。“”、、1958。、。1976。①1976-2000。1985。、。199235、。②2000。。。。。2.11944“”。。。75%。。2.1.1。·934·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.5。K1。35~92080。。19907-8。。3%44180~200。2.1.2。。2080。、、1-、、、、、。1081.、1080、、RS-150、。《》。19925、、“‘’。”“”。1992617《》《》19。、、、、“”。19928《》5。199312305。。19955225“”“”。。21。2.1.3200291311“”30042。、、、、、、、、、、“”“”。200265199、、、、。20021213、、、、5“”。、。、2011615、、、、51586、、2220111031·044·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.510、20131031。。《》。20121231137WHO594%、1.2%、1.2%、1.2%、2.4%8027、46。40%29%9%9%D4%2%、α-3、、、·、7%19。2.2、。。2007《》。。。、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、。。2010《》《》。、、、3。。20142014-5-152015-1-1《》①《》、。、、、C。②、、、、。③。≥95%。4①BC。②、。。。。。③。。。④、、、。2.3、2002“”“”“”2006“”“”“”2、、、、。·144·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.52006112333。“GB/T2798-2009”“GB/T27770-2011”“GB/T27777-2011”“GB/T30231-2013”。““1cm1.3cm1.25cm。。《》《、、、》、《、、、》《、、、》、。2010、、“、、”。2.4、、。、、、、、、。。。。。。。。。。“GB/T2798-2009”。。。。、、、、、。。。。。2.5、、、、、、。。1996。、。。·244·201510215ChinJHygInsect&EquipOct2015Vol.21No.5。、2021。22。1BastianGMFransWABAizeK.TheethicsofrodentcontrolJ.PestManagSci2008641205-1211.2GratzN.Acriticalreviewofcurrentlyusedsingle-doserodenticidesJ.BullWHO197348469-477.3StefanENicoleKJensJetal.ResistancetestsandfieldtrialwithbromadioloneforthecontrolofNorwayratsRattusnorvegicusonfarmsinWestphaliaGermanyJ.PestmanagSci201268348-354.4AlanB.AnticoagulantresistanceintheUnitedKingdomandanewguidelineforthemanagementofresistantinfestationsofNorwayratsRattusnorvegicusBerkJ.PestmanagSci201369334-341.5JensJ.VertebratepestmanagementscienceandapplicationJ.PestmanagSci201369321-322.6DarioCSandroBAlessioM.RatingtheratglobalpatternsandresearchprioritiesinimpactsandmanagementofrodentpestsJ.MammalReview201464148-162.7GreggHCJoshDJuanPGetal.InvasiverodenteradicationonislandsJ.ConservationBiology20072151258-1268.8WilliamCPLauraCDRobertTS.EfficacyofrodenticidesbaitforthecontrolofthreeinvasiverodentspeciesinHawaiiJ.ArchEnvironContamToxicol201160533-542.9RichardMEWilliamCPAreRBetal.AssessingspatialvariationandoveralldensityofaeriallybroadcasttoxicbaitduringarateradicationonPalmyraAtollJ.EnvironSciPollutRes201320480-487.10WendyARPeterJSMikePetal.EffectsofspatiallyExtensivec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