香港建立信贷资料库的经验和初步成效EstablishmentofCredit

1香港建立信贷资料库的经验和初步成效EstablishmentofCreditReferenceAgencyinHongKong-ExperienceandInitialAchievement香港金融管理局银行业拓展部助理总裁李令翔先生RaymondLiExecutiveDirectorBankingDevelopmentDepartmentHongKongMonetaryAuthority19May20042信贷资料库的作用BenefitsofCRAₕ增加信贷透明度Increasecredittransparencyₕ增加银行管理信贷风险能力Increasebanks’creditriskmanagementabilityₕ对消费者有益Beneficialtoconsumers-增加消费信贷increaseconsumercredit-减低利息负担reduceinterestpayment-减少交叉津贴reducecrosssubsidisation3香港私人信贷资料库的历史HistoryofPrivateCRAinHongKong•成立资料库：一九八二年CRAestablishedin1982-由私人金融机构拥有ownedbyprivatefinancialinstitutions-防止一车多贷toavoiddoublefinancingofvehicles-於一九八五年扩大至负面资料(逾期还款资料)coveringnegativedata(delinquentdata)since1985-为金融机构所广泛采用widelyusedbyfinancialinstitutions(800,000creditreportsgeneratedpermonthin2002)-直至二零零三年八月止，没有正面信货资料positivedatanotshareduntilAugust20034純負面資料庫的缺點ProblemswithCRAswithNegativeData引發過度信貸問題Over-indebtedness–破產數字(由1998年的893宗到2002年最高的25328宗)personalbankruptcies(increasedfrom893casesin1998to25,328casesin2002)–平均借貸額(四十倍工資)averageborrowingamount(40timesofmonthlyincome)–平均借貸單位(十二)averagenumberofcreditors(12)利率居高不下(信用卡息率平均24%)Highinterestrates(averagecreditcardinterestrate:24%)交津貼Crosssubsidisation消費信貸市場被扭曲Distortedconsumercreditmarket5破產令數目BankruptcyOrdersMade6信用卡撇帳比率CreditCardCharge-offRatio7正面資料庫PositiveDataCRA2003年8月起，擴展至正面資料ExtendedtocoverpositiveconsumercreditdatasinceAugust2003金管局作為監管者的角色HKMA’ssupervisoryrole-要求銀行全面參與，確保資料全面expectcomprehensiveparticipationbybankstoensureacomprehensivedatabase-訂定指引確保銀行正確使用資料supervisoryguidelinetoensurelawfuluseofdata-保障個人私隱safeguardpersonalprivacy8初步成效InitialAchievement加强银行风险管理能力，有助银行改善资产质素及金融体系稳定性Strengthenbanks’riskmanagementsystemwhichhelpstoimprovebanks'assetquality,therebyenhancingthesafetyandsoundnessofthefinancialsystem.銀行再度拓展消費信貸市場Banksresumedevelopingconsumercreditmarket還款紀錄良好及無過度借貸的消費者得到較低息率Bettertermsforconsumerswhohavegoodrepaymentrecordsandhavenotover-borrowed破產問題：預期短期內會惡化，長期應會好轉Bankruptcyproblem:mightdeteriorateintheimmediatefuturebutwillimproveinthelongrun