软测_part1

XuedongSun（[e-mail]）SchoolofSoftware,SunYat-senUniversitySE-307SoftwareTesting2先修课程&后续课程先修课程离散数学和图论（DiscretemathematicsandGraphTheory）高级程序设计语言（AdvancedProgrammingLanguage）软件工程导论（IntroductiontoSoftwareEngineering）数据库系统（DatabaseSystems）编译原理（PrinciplesofCompilerConstruction）后续课程软件质量保证（SoftwareQualityAssurance）软件过程改进（SoftwareProcessImprovement）3Textbook：R.Patton.SoftwareTesting,2ndEd.Sams,2005,ISBN0-672-32798-8影印版：《软件测试》（第2版），经典原版书库，北京：机械工业出版社，2006，ISBN7-111-17770-3References:P.Jorgensen.SoftwareTesting:ACraftsman'sApproach,2ndEd.CRCPress,2002,ISBN0-849-30809-7A.Mathur.FoundationsofSoftwareTesting.Addison-WesleyProfessional,2008,ISBN8-131-71660-04成绩计算综合成绩=平时考勤+大作业成绩+期末考试20%40%40%教学网站用户名：sser，密码：ToBeNo.15ContentsPartI.TheBigPicture(6hours)PartII.TestingFundamentals(24+3hours)PartIII.ApplyingYourTestingSkills(3hours)PartIV.SupplementingYourTesting(3hours)PartV.WorkingwithTestDocumentation(3+3hours)PartVI.TheFuture(2hours)6ObjectivesUnderstandthebasicconceptsofsoftwaretesting;Performeffectiveandefficientstructuralandfunctionaltestingofyoursoftware;Integrateandtestthevariousunitsandcomponentsofyoursoftwaresystem;Selecttheappropriateteststoregressiontestyoursoftwareafterchangeshavebeenmade;Plan,trackandcontrolthesoftwaretestingeffort.PartI:TheBigPictureSoftwareTesting8ContentsDefinitionofsoftwaretestingSoftwareTestingFrameworkSoftwareTestingBackgroundTheSoftwareDevelopmentProcessTheRealitiesofSoftwareTestingThedefinitionofsoftwaretestingTheuseofmanualorautomaticmeanstorunordeterminationofasystematicprocess.Itspurposeistotestwhetheritneedstomeettherequirementsorexpectedresultstoidentifythedifferencebetweentheactualresults.-------IEEE1983910SoftwareTestingFrameworkBasictesttheoryandtechnologyTestStandardsandCriteriaTestenvironmentandtoolsTestManagementPart1Section1SoftwareTestingBackground12ContentsInfamousSoftwareErrorCaseStudiesWhatIsaBug?WhyDoBugsOccur?TheCostofBugsWhatExactlyDoesaSoftwareTesterDo?WhatMakesaGoodSoftwareTester?13InfamousSoftwareErrorCaseStudiesDisney'sLionKing,1994-1995IntelPentiumFloating-PointDivisionBug,1994(4195835/3145727)*3145727–4195835NASAMarsPolarLander,1999PatriotMissileDefenseSystem,1991TheY2K(Year2000)Bug,circa1974DangerousViewingAhead,200414WhatIsaBug?TermsforSoftwareFailuresDefect(缺点),Fault（故障）,Failure（失败）,Variance(偏差),Incident（事件）,Anomaly（异常），Problem（问题）,Inconsistency（矛盾）,Error（错误）,Feature（特殊）,Bug（缺陷）,It'simportantasasoftwaretestertounderstandthepersonalitybehindtheproductdevelopmentteamyou'reworkingwith.Allsoftwareproblemswillbecalledbugs.15SoftwareBug:AFormalDefinitionAsoftwarebugoccurswhenoneormoreofthefollowingfiverulesistrue:Thesoftwaredoesn'tdosomethingthattheproductspecificationsaysitshoulddo.Thesoftwaredoessomethingthattheproductspecificationsaysitshouldn'tdo.Thesoftwaredoessomethingthattheproductspecificationdoesn'tmention.Thesoftwaredoesn'tdosomethingthattheproductspecificationdoesn'tmentionbutshould.Thesoftwareisdifficulttounderstand,hardtouse,slow,orinthesoftwaretester'seyeswillbeviewedbytheenduserasjustplainnotright.16WhyDoBugsOccur?Themaincausecanbetracedtothespecification.Thenextlargestsourceofbugsisthedesign.Codingerrorscanbetracedtothesoftware'scomplexity,poordocumentation(especiallyincodethat'sbeingupdatedorrevised),schedulepressure,orjustplaindumbmistakes.Theothercategoryisthecatch-allforwhat'sleft.17TheCostofBugsThecostsarelogarithmicthatis,theyincreasetenfoldastimeincreases.Abugfoundandfixedduringtheearlystageswhenthespecificationisbeingwrittenmightcostnexttonothing,or$1inourexample.Thesamebug,ifnotfounduntilthesoftwareiscodedandtested,mightcost$10to$100.Ifacustomerfindsit,thecostcouldeasilybethousandsorevenmillionsofdollars.18WhatExactlyDoesaSoftwareTesterDo?Thegoalofasoftwaretesteristofindbugs.Thegoalofasoftwaretesteristofindbugsandfindthemasearlyaspossible.Thegoalofasoftwaretesteristofindbugs,findthemasearlyaspossible,andmakesuretheygetfixed.Note：It'simportanttonotethatfixingabugdoesnotnecessarilyimplycorrectingthesoftware.19WhatMakesaGoodSoftwareTester?Here'salistoftraitsthatmostsoftwaretestersshouldhave:Theyareexplorers.Theyaretroubleshooters.Theyarerelentless.Theyarecreative.Theyareperfectionists.Theyexercisegoodjudgment.Theyaretactfulanddiplomatic.Theyarepersuasive.20SummaryHighlightsofthischapterHowsoftwarebugsimpactourlivesWhatbugsareandwhytheyoccurWhosoftwaretestersareandwhattheydoPart1Section2TheSoftwareDevelopmentProcess22ContentsProductComponentsSoftwareProjectStaffSoftwareDevelopmentLifecycleModels23ProductComponentsWhatEffortGoesIntoaSoftwareProduct?24ProductComponentsWhatPartsMakeUpaSoftwareProduct?25SoftwareProjectStaffProjectmanagers,programmanagers,orproducersdrivetheprojectfrombeginningtoend.Architectsorsystemengineersarethetechnicalexpertsontheproductteam.Programmers,developers,orcodersdesignandwritesoftwareandfixthebugsthatarefound.TestersorQA(QualityAssurance)Staffareresponsibleforfindingandreportin