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1名词性从句学案引入：1.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语Shehasanewbike..2.主语+谓语(不及物动词)Theflowersareblooming.3.主语+系动词+表语MissJonesisasecretary.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)Themotherwillbuythegirladress.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Theboy，myclassmate，oftenmadeourteacherangry。名词可以用来充当___________________________________________同样可以把句子中的名词换成一个小句子。1.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.2.Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.3.MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestaurantyesterday?4.Iwantedtoknowwhereallmycustomershadgoneyesterday.5.Thisishowtheearthbegantoshowitsspecialqualities.6.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.7.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.8.Ihavenoideahowsoontheyarecoming.如果这个小句子充当了句子的主语，那么这个小句子叫________________；充当了宾语叫_______________，充当了表语叫___________________，充当了同位语叫_______________________。引导名词性从句必须要有一个__________________。名词性从句都采用_________语序。从属连词that在从句中不充当任何成分，一般可以省略从属连词if,whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，不可以省略连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where,when,why,how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句1.1).Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.2).Whetherwildlifecanbewellprotectedisofgreatimportance.3).Whowillgomakesnodifference.4).Whichkindoffoodisthebestisstillnotcertain.5).Whentheywillhaveanewrestaurantopenedhasnotbeendecidedyet.6)Howgoldwasfoundthereisnotclear.7).Whythereisgravityishardtounderstand.由以上例句可以看出，主语从句在复合句中充当主语2.主语从句通常由连接词___________，和连接代词____________________________以及连接副词_______________等词引导。that在句中____________，只起______作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分3.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语____代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句___________。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：①Itis/was+adj.+that从句②Itis/was+apity(afact,ashame,anhonor,awonder,nowonder)+that从句③Itissaid(reported,announced,thought,believed,decided,expected等)+that④Itissuggested(advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required等)+that从句⑤Itseems(appear,happen,matter等)+that从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，2常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that--Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forItremainsaquestion___wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.whatItisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。Whenandwherehewasborn___________notbeenfound.(has/have)Whenhewasbornandwherehewasborn________notbeenfound.(has/have)Whenandwhythepersonwasmurdered_________stillunknown.(is/are)Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered________stillunknown.(is/are)Exercises:.____makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.HowIt’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires二、宾语从句1.1）Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifLinQiaozhirememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJohnAdamswasspeakingto?4)Heaskedwhosespacesuititwas.5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid,willyou?6)Hecan’ttellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize.7)Idon’tknowwhereCharlieChaplingothisstick.8)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?9)Doyouknowwhyhewasabsent?宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。2.引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词基本相同，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever,whom,whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。在句中可以作____________________________的宾语。(1)V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis---Don’tyoubelieveme?---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?”“Theyalwaysletmedo______IthinkIshould.”A.whenB.thatC.howD.what.(2)prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone3Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatItwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever(3)adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.注意：1.(1)whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，构成whethertodo结构。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只